脑卒中重症监护室患者肺部感染原因与护理对策 -护理学专业

摘要

脑卒中患者因病情危重、免疫功能低下以及频繁接受侵入性操作，易在重症监护室（ICU）期间发生肺部感染，进而对预后产生不良影响。本研究旨在分析脑卒中ICU患者肺部感染的发生原因，并探讨相应的护理对策，以期降低感染率并改善临床结局。制定并实施了包括体位管理、呼吸道湿化、早期康复干预及手卫生强化在内的综合护理措施。本研究创新性地构建了基于风险评估的分层护理模式，明确了脑卒中ICU患者肺部感染防控的关键节点。现有研究表明，系统化的护理干预有助于降低感染风险，提升护理质量，为临床实践提供了有益的参考依据。尽管具体数据可能存在一定差异，但整体趋势表明，针对性护理策略在预防ICU内肺部感染方面具有积极意义。

关键词：脑卒中，肺部感染，重症监护室，护理干预，危险因素

Causes and Nursing Strategies for Pulmonary Infections in Patients within the Stroke Intensive Care Unit

Abstract

Stroke patients are prone to pulmonary infections during their stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to their critical condition, weakened immune function and frequent invasive procedures, which adversely affects prognosis. This study aims to analyze the causes of pulmonary infection in ICU patients with stroke and explore corresponding nursing countermeasures, with the expectation of reducing the infection rate and improving clinical outcomes. Comprehensive nursing measures including postural management, respiratory tract humidification, early rehabilitation intervention and enhanced hand hygiene were formulated and implemented. This study innovatively constructed a stratified nursing model based on risk assessment and clarified the key nodes for the prevention and control of pulmonary infection in ICU patients with stroke. Existing studies have shown that systematic nursing intervention helps to reduce the risk of infection and improve the quality of nursing, providing a useful reference basis for clinical practice. Although there may be certain differences in the specific data, the overall trend indicates that targeted nursing strategies have positive significance in preventing pulmonary infections in the ICU.

Key Words：Stroke, Pulmonary Infection, Intensive Care Unit, Nursing Intervention, Risk Factor

一、绪论 1

（一）研究背景与意义 1

（二）国内外研究现状 1

二、脑卒中重症监护室患者肺部感染的临床特征 2

（一）脑卒中患者入住ICU的病情特点 2

（二）肺部感染在ICU脑卒中患者中的发生率 3

（三）脑卒中合并肺部感染患者的临床表现 4

（四）脑卒中重症患者肺部感染的病原学分析 5

三、脑卒中重症监护室患者肺部感染的主要诱因分析 6

（一）患者自身因素与肺部感染的关系 6

（二）机械通气操作引发感染的风险 7