摘 要
本论文以茅盾长篇小说的结构演变为主线，系统考察其创作历程中叙事结构的发展轨迹。通过文本细读与结构分析，结合社会历史语境，探讨茅盾如何在不同历史阶段调整小说形式以回应时代命题。研究目的在于揭示其结构创新背后的文学逻辑与思想动因，进而深化对20世纪中国长篇小说现代化进程的理解。论文创新性地将茅盾作品置于“结构自觉”的视角下审视，突破以往侧重思想内容的研究范式，强调其在情节编织、人物布局与时空安排上的艺术探索。研究发现，茅盾小说结构经历了从线性因果到网状交织、从社会剖析到心理透视的转变，体现出强烈的文体意识与形式革新精神。结论指出，茅盾的结构实践不仅推动了现实主义小说的形式演进，也为现代中国小说文体的成熟提供了重要范例，具有承前启后的文学史意义。
关键词：茅盾长篇小说；结构演变；叙事结构；结构自觉；文体革新
Abstract
This thesis systematically examines the evolution of Mao Dun’s narrative structure throughout his novel-writing career, focusing on the developmental trajectory of his structural innovations. By employing close textual reading and structural analysis in conjunction with the socio-historical context, this study explores how Mao Dun adjusted the formal features of the novel in response to the intellectual and cultural demands of different historical periods. The research aims to uncover the literary logic and ideological motivations behind his structural experimentation, thereby deepening our understanding of the modernization process of the Chinese long novel in the twentieth century. Innovatively situating Mao Dun’s works within the fr amework of “structural consciousness,” this study moves beyond previous scholarly emphasis on thematic concerns, highlighting instead his artistic explorations in plot construction, character arrangement, and spatiotemporal organization. Findings reveal that Mao Dun’s narrative structure evolved from a linear causality to a networked interweaving of events and from social dissection to psychological depth, reflecting a strong awareness of genre and a spirit of formal innovation. It is concluded that Mao Dun’s structural practice not only advanced the formal development of realist fiction but also provided a significant model for the maturation of modern Chinese narrative forms, thus occupying a pivotal position in the literary history of modern China.
Keywords: Mao Dun's Long Novels；Structural Evolution；Narrative Structure；Structural Consciousness；Stylistic Innovation
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引言 1
一、茅盾长篇小说结构的历史语境 1
（一）时代背景与文学思潮的影响 1
（二）茅盾创作观念的阶段性转变 2
（三）结构意识的形成与发展脉络 2
二、线性结构向网状结构的演变 2
（一）早期作品中的线性叙事特征 2
（二）中期小说的多线并进尝试 3
（三）成熟阶段的网状结构构建 3
三、叙事时间与空间布局的演进 3
（一）时间安排的节奏变化与功能转化 3
（二）空间描写的象征意义增强 4
（三）时空交错手法的艺术突破 4
四、主题结构与人物关系的互动 5
（一）主题表达对结构安排的引导作用 5
（二）人物群像的组织方式演变 5
（三）结构张力与思想深度的统一 5
结 论 6
致 谢 7
参考文献 8
