摘 要
中西方文化在“悲剧”观念上的差异与融合是跨文化研究的重要议题，本文以元杂剧《窦娥冤》与莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》为典型案例，探讨两种文化语境下悲剧观念的形成及其相互影响。研究基于比较文学的理论框架，结合文本细读与文化语境分析，揭示两部作品在主题表达、人物塑造及叙事结构上的异同。结果表明，《窦娥冤》注重伦理道德的诉求与社会正义的彰显，而《哈姆雷特》则更强调个体精神的挣扎与存在意义的探寻。然而，两者均通过主人公的悲剧命运反映了对人性深刻的思考与关怀。本文创新性地提出“文化互鉴”的视角，认为中西方悲剧观念并非完全对立，而是可以通过对话实现深层次的文化融合。这一研究不仅深化了对中西方悲剧美学的理解，也为跨文化文学研究提供了新的思路与方法论借鉴。
关键词：悲剧观念；文化互鉴；《窦娥冤》；《哈姆雷特》；跨文化研究
The Difference and Convergence of Tragic Concepts Between the East and the West: A Comparative Study of Dou E Yuan and Hamlet
英文人名
Directive teacher:×××
Abstract:The differences and integration of the concept of "tragedy" between Chinese and Western cultures constitute a significant topic in cross-cultural studies. This paper examines the formation and mutual influence of tragic concepts under two cultural contexts by comparing Yuan杂drama The Injustice to Dou E and Shakespeare's Hamlet. Based on the theoretical fr amework of comparative literature, the study combines close reading of texts with cultural context analysis to reveal similarities and differences in thematic ex pression, character portrayal, and narrative structure between the two works. The findings indicate that The Injustice to Dou E focuses on ethical appeals and the manifestation of social justice, whereas Hamlet emphasizes individual spiritual struggles and the quest for existential meaning. Nevertheless, both works reflect profound contemplation and concern for humanity through the tragic fates of their protagonists. This paper innovatively proposes the perspective of "cultural mutual learning," arguing that the tragic concepts of Chinese and Western cultures are not entirely opposed but can achieve deep cultural integration through dialogue. This research not only enhances the understanding of Chinese and Western tragic aesthetics but also provides new insights and methodological references for cross-cultural literary studies.
Keywords: Tragedy Concept；Cultural Mutual Learning；Dou E Yuan；Hamlet；Cross-Cultural Studies
目 录
引言 1
一、悲剧观念的历史溯源 1
(一)中西方悲剧的起源与发展 1
(二)《窦娥冤》中的传统悲剧观 2
(三)《哈姆雷特》中的西方悲剧观 2
二、悲剧主题的差异与表现 3
(一)正义与复仇的主题对比 3
(二)命运与人性的冲突分析 3
(三)社会背景对悲剧主题的影响 4
三、悲剧人物塑造的比较研究 4
(一)窦娥与哈姆雷特的性格特征 4
(二)主人公命运的决定因素 5
(三)配角形象的功能性差异 5
四、悲剧观念的融合与启示 6
(一)跨文化视角下的悲剧解读 6
(二)差异中寻找共通的人文价值 6
(三)当代语境下的悲剧意义重构 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 9
