摘 要
软土地基因其低承载力和高压缩性，对建筑物的稳定性构成显著挑战，尤其是在快速城市化进程中，高层建筑和大型基础设施在软土区域的建设日益增多。本研究以某典型软土地基上的高层建筑为对象，通过长期沉降观测与数值模拟相结合的方法，系统分析了建筑物沉降特性及其影响因素。研究采用高精度水准测量技术进行现场监测，并结合有限元方法建立三维地质-结构耦合模型，深入探讨了地基土体性质、荷载分布及施工过程对沉降的影响规律。结果表明，软土地基的不均匀沉降主要受土体分层特征和基础形式控制，且施工加载速率对沉降发展具有显著影响。通过引入改进的沉降预测模型，研究成功实现了对建筑物最终沉降量的精确估算，其预测误差小于5%。此外，本研究提出了一种基于动态调整的沉降控制策略，可有效减小施工期间的不均匀沉降风险。研究的主要创新点在于将现场实测数据与数值模拟结果有机结合，揭示了软土地基沉降的时空演化规律，并为类似工程提供了科学依据和技术支持，对提升软土地基上建筑物的安全性和经济性具有重要意义。
关键词：软土地基；沉降特性；数值模拟
ABSTRACT
Soft soil foundations, characterized by low bearing capacity and high compressibility, pose significant challenges to the stability of structures, particularly in the context of rapid urbanization where the construction of high-rise buildings and large-scale infrastructure on soft soils is increasing. This study focuses on a typical high-rise building constructed on a soft soil foundation, employing a combination of long-term settlement monitoring and numerical simulation to systematically analyze the settlement characteristics and influencing factors. High-precision leveling measurement technology was used for on-site monitoring, while a three-dimensional geotechnical-structural coupled model was established using the finite element method to explore the effects of soil property stratification, load distribution, and construction processes on settlement behavior. The results indicate that non-uniform settlement in soft soil foundations is primarily controlled by soil stratification characteristics and foundation type, with construction loading rates significantly influencing settlement development. By introducing an improved settlement prediction model, the study successfully achieved precise estimation of the final settlement of the building, with a prediction error of less than 5%. Additionally, a dynamic adjustment-based settlement control strategy was proposed to effectively mitigate the risk of non-uniform settlement during construction. A key innovation of this research lies in the integration of field-measured data with numerical simulation results, revealing the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of settlement in soft soil foundations. This provides scientific evidence and technical support for similar engineering projects, contributing significantly to enhancing the safety and economy of structures built on soft soil foundations.
Keywords: Soft Soil Foundation; Settlement Characteristics; Numerical Simulation
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 软土地基沉降研究的背景与意义 1
1.2 国内外软土地基沉降研究现状 1
1.3 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 软土地基沉降观测技术 3
2.1 沉降观测的基本原理与方法 3
2.2 观测仪器的选择与精度分析 3
2.3 数据采集与处理的关键步骤 4
2.4 典型案例中的观测实践 4
第3章 软土地基沉降机理分析 6
3.1 软土特性对沉降的影响因素 6
3.2 沉降变形的主要类型与特征 6
3.3 数值模拟在沉降预测中的应用 7
3.4 地基加固对沉降控制的作用 7
第4章 建筑物沉降评估与对策研究 9
4.1 沉降评估指标体系的构建 9
4.2 不均匀沉降对建筑物的影响分析 9
4.3 沉降控制的设计优化策略 10
4.4 工程实例中的对策总结 10
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
