摘 要
电力系统在遭受极端灾害或重大故障时可能陷入全面停电状态，黑启动是恢复系统运行的关键环节。本文针对黑启动方案制定与仿真研究展开深入探讨，旨在提升电力系统在紧急情况下的恢复能力。研究首先分析了黑启动的背景与重要性，结合国内外相关技术现状，明确了以优化资源配置和提高恢复效率为核心的研究目标。基于此，提出了一种融合多源数据的黑启动路径规划方法，通过构建改进的遗传算法对候选机组进行优选，并结合动态仿真技术验证方案可行性。研究结果表明，所提方法能够显著缩短黑启动时间，同时降低恢复过程中的电压和频率波动风险。此外，本文创新性地引入了分布式电源参与黑启动的过程，有效弥补了传统方案中单一依赖大型机组的不足，增强了系统的灵活性与鲁棒性。最终结论显示，该研究为实际工程应用提供了理论支持和技术参考，对提升电力系统应急响应水平具有重要意义。
关键词：黑启动；电力系统恢复；多源数据路径规划；改进遗传算法；分布式电源参与
Abstract
When a power system suffers from extreme disasters or major failures, it may fall into a state of total blackout, and black start is the critical step to restore system operation. This paper conducts an in-depth discussion on the formulation and simulation research of black start schemes, aiming to enhance the recovery capability of the power system in emergencies. The study first analyzes the background and significance of black start, combined with the current status of related technologies at home and abroad, clarifying the research ob jectives centered on optimizing resource allocation and improving recovery efficiency. Based on this, a black start path planning method integrating multi-source data is proposed, where an improved genetic algorithm is constructed to prioritize candidate units, and dynamic simulation technology is employed to verify the feasibility of the scheme. The results indicate that the proposed method can significantly reduce the black start time while mitigating the risks of voltage and frequency fluctuations during the recovery process. Furthermore, this paper innovatively incorporates distributed power sources into the black start process, effectively compensating for the limitations of traditional schemes that rely solely on large-scale units, thereby enhancing the flexibility and robustness of the system. The final conclusion demonstrates that this study provides theoretical support and technical references for practical engineering applications, playing a significant role in improving the emergency response level of power systems.
Keywords: Black Start；Power System Restoration；Multi-Source Data Path Planning；Improved Genetic Algorithm；Distributed Generation Participation
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
（一）电力系统黑启动的研究背景与意义 1
（二）国内外黑启动方案研究现状分析 1
（三）本文研究方法与技术路线设计 1
二、黑启动方案的关键技术与理论基础 2
（一）黑启动的基本原理与技术要求 2
（二）黑启动电源的选择与特性分析 3
（三）系统恢复路径规划的理论框架 3
（四）黑启动过程中负荷管理策略 4
三、黑启动方案制定的具体方法与实施步骤 4
（一）黑启动方案的总体框架设计 4
（二）不同电网结构下的黑启动策略优化 5
（三）黑启动过程中保护与控制措施配置 5
（四）方案制定中的风险评估与应对机制 6
四、黑启动方案的仿真验证与性能评估 6
（一）仿真平台搭建与模型参数设置 6
（二）黑启动过程的动态仿真分析 7
（三）仿真结果的对比与方案优化调整 7
（四）黑启动方案的实际应用前景探讨 7
结 论 8
致 谢 9
参考文献 10
