护理干预对老年肿瘤患者生活质量的影响 -护理学专业

摘要

随着全球人口老龄化加剧及肿瘤发病率的持续上升，老年肿瘤患者的生活质量已成为医学领域的重要研究课题。本研究旨在探讨系统性护理干预对老年肿瘤患者生活质量的影响，并为临床实践提供科学依据。研究选取某三甲医院2021年1月至2022年12月期间收治的120例老年肿瘤患者作为研究对象，随机分为干预组和对照组，每组各60例。对照组接受常规护理，干预组在常规护理基础上实施为期6个月的个性化综合护理干预，包括心理支持、健康教育、营养指导及症状管理等多方面内容。通过采用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生活质量问卷（EORTC QLQ-C30）进行评估，结果显示干预组患者在生理功能、心理状态、社会关系及整体生活质量等方面均显著优于对照组（P0.05）。此外，干预组患者的疼痛评分及抑郁焦虑情绪发生率明显降低，表明系统性护理干预能够有效改善老年肿瘤患者的生活质量。本研究创新性地将多维度护理策略整合应用于老年肿瘤患者群体，并验证了其可行性和有效性，为优化老年肿瘤患者的护理模式提供了新思路，具有重要的临床推广价值。

关键词：老年肿瘤患者，系统性护理干预，生活质量，个性化综合护理，EORTC QLQ-C30

Abstract

With the exacerbation of global population aging and the continuous rise in cancer incidence, the quality of life (QoL) of elderly cancer patients has become an important research topic in the medical field. This study aimed to investigate the impact of systematic nursing intervention on the QoL of elderly cancer patients and to provide a scientific basis for clinical practice. A total of 120 elderly cancer patients treated at a tertiary hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected as research subjects and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group, with 60 cases in each group. The control group received routine care, while the intervention group underwent a six-month personalized comprehensive nursing intervention based on routine care, which included multiple aspects such as psychological support, health education, nutritional guidance, and symptom management. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) was used for evaluation, and the results showed that patients in the intervention group significantly outperformed those in the control group in terms of physical function, psychological status, social relationships, and overall QoL (P0.05). Additionally, the pain scores and the incidence rates of depression and anxiety in the intervention group were markedly reduced, indicating that systematic nursing intervention can effectively improve the QoL of elderly cancer patients. This study innovatively integrated multidimensional nursing strategies for application in elderly cancer patients, validating its feasibility and effectiveness, and providing new insights for optimizing the nursing model for this population, with significant potential for clinical promotion.

Key Words：Elderly Cancer Patients, Systemic Nursing Intervention, Quality Of Life, Individualized Comprehensive Care, Eortc Qlq-C30

一、绪论 1

（一）老年肿瘤患者生活质量研究背景 1

（二）护理干预对生活质量的意义分析 2

（三）国内外研究现状与发展趋势 3

二、护理干预的理论基础与实践框架 3

（一）老年肿瘤患者的特殊护理需求 3

（二）护理干预的核心理论支撑 5

（三）实践中护理干预的主要模式 6

三、护理干预对老年肿瘤患者生理健康的影响 7

（一）生理健康评估的关键指标 7

（二）护理干预在疼痛管理中的作用 8