摘 要
食品工业的快速发展带来了大量废水排放问题，这些废水中含有丰富的有机物和营养物质，若处理不当将对环境造成严重污染。本研究旨在探索食品工程中废水处理技术与资源回收利用的有效路径，以实现环境保护与资源节约的双重目标。研究综合运用了物理、化学及生物处理技术，重点分析了厌氧发酵、膜分离以及吸附法等工艺在实际应用中的表现，并结合实验数据评估了不同技术组合的处理效率与经济性。结果表明，采用厌氧发酵与膜分离联用技术能够显著提高COD去除率，同时实现沼气和可溶性肥料的高效回收；而吸附法在重金属离子去除方面表现出优异性能，为废水深度净化提供了技术支持。此外，本研究创新性地提出了一种基于生命周期评价（LCA）的综合评估体系，用于量化废水处理过程中的环境影响和资源回收潜力，为优化工艺选择提供了科学依据。总体而言，本研究不仅验证了多种废水处理技术的可行性和优势，还通过系统分析揭示了资源回收的最大化策略，为食品工业的可持续发展提供了重要参考。研究成果对于推动食品工程领域废水处理技术的进步具有重要意义，同时也为相关行业的绿色转型提供了理论支持和技术指导。
关键词：食品废水处理；厌氧发酵；膜分离技术
Abstract: The rapid development of the food industry has led to substantial wastewater discharge, which contains abundant organic matter and nutrients. If improperly managed, this wastewater can cause severe environmental pollution. This study aims to explore effective approaches for wastewater treatment and resource recovery in food engineering to achieve dual goals of environmental protection and resource conservation. By integrating physical, chemical, and biological treatment technologies, the study focuses on analyzing the performance of anaerobic fermentation, membrane separation, and adsorption processes in practical applications. Experimental data were employed to evaluate the treatment efficiency and economic feasibility of various technology combinations. The results indicate that the combined use of anaerobic fermentation and membrane separation significantly enhances COD removal rates while enabling efficient recovery of biogas and soluble fertilizers. Meanwhile, the adsorption method demonstrates superior performance in removing heavy me tal ions, providing technical support for advanced wastewater purification. Additionally, this study innovatively proposes a comprehensive evaluation system based on life cycle assessment (LCA) to quantify environmental impacts and resource recovery potential during wastewater treatment, offering scientific evidence for optimizing process selection. Overall, this research not only verifies the feasibility and advantages of multiple wastewater treatment technologies but also reveals strategies for maximizing resource recovery through systematic analysis, providing critical references for the sustainable development of the food industry. The findings are significant for advancing wastewater treatment technologies in food engineering and offer theoretical support and technical guidance for the green transformation of related industries.
Keywords: Food Wastewater Treatment; Anaerobic Fermentation; Membrane Separation Technology
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1食品工程废水处理的研究背景 1
1.2废水处理与资源回收的意义分析 1
1.3国内外研究现状综述 1
1.4本文研究方法与技术路线 2
2食品废水特性与处理技术分析 2
2.1食品工业废水的主要来源 2
2.2废水成分及其污染特性研究 3
2.3常见废水处理技术分类 3
2.4物理化学法在废水处理中的应用 4
2.5生物处理技术的优势与局限性 4
3资源回收技术与实践探索 5
3.1废水中可回收资源的种类 5
3.2能量回收技术的应用现状 5
3.3营养物质回收的技术路径 6
3.4水资源循环利用的关键技术 6
3.5资源回收经济效益评估 7
4食品废水处理技术优化与未来展望 7
4.1新型处理技术的发展趋势 7
4.2技术集成在废水处理中的作用 8
4.3智能化管理对效率提升的影响 8
4.4政策支持与行业标准的制定 9
4.5未来研究方向与潜在挑战 9
结论 10
参考文献 11
致 谢 12
