摘 要
城市化进程加速导致热岛效应加剧，园林植物配置作为改善城市微气候的重要手段，其作用机制和优化策略亟待深入研究。本研究以典型城市绿地为对象，通过实地监测与数值模拟相结合的方法，分析不同植物配置模式对气温、湿度、风速等微气候因子的影响。结果表明，乔灌草复层结构能够显著降低夏季地表温度，提升冬季保温效果，且植物冠层密度与降温增湿效应呈正相关关系。创新性地引入了“植物气候调节效率”指标，量化评估不同配置模式的生态效益，并提出基于功能分区的优化配置方案。研究表明，合理配置园林植物不仅能缓解城市热岛效应，还能改善人居环境舒适度，为城市绿地规划设计提供了科学依据和技术支持。该研究为构建可持续发展的城市生态系统奠定了理论基础。
关键词：园林植物配置；热岛效应；植物气候调节效率
Abstract
The accelerating urbanization process has intensified the urban heat island effect, highlighting the urgent need to investigate the mechanisms and optimization strategies of landscape plant configuration as a critical approach to improving urban microclimates. This study focuses on typical urban green spaces, employing a combination of field monitoring and numerical simulation to analyze the impacts of different plant configuration patterns on microclimate factors such as air temperature, humidity, and wind speed. The results indicate that a multi-layered structure of trees, shrubs, and grasses can significantly reduce surface temperatures in summer while enhancing thermal insulation in winter. Moreover, a positive correlation exists between plant canopy density and the cooling and humidifying effects. Innovatively, this study introduces the "plant climate regulation efficiency" index to quantitatively evaluate the ecological benefits of various configuration patterns and proposes an optimized configuration scheme based on functional zoning. The findings demonstrate that rational landscape plant configuration not only mitigates the urban heat island effect but also enhances human habitat comfort, providing scientific evidence and technical support for urban green space planning and design. This research lays a theoretical foundation for constructing sustainable urban ecosystems.
Keywords: Landscape Plant Configuration；Heat Island Effect；Plant Climate Regulation Efficiency
目 录
引言 1
一、园林植物配置与城市微气候概述 1
（一）城市微气候的基本概念 1
（二）园林植物配置的定义与意义 2
（三）研究背景与问题提出 2
二、园林植物对温度调节的影响研究 2
（一）植物蒸腾作用与降温效应 3
（二）遮荫效果与热环境改善 3
（三）温度调节的空间分布特征 3
三、园林植物对湿度与风速的影响分析 4
（一）植被覆盖对空气湿度的作用 4
（二）植物屏障对风速的调控机制 4
（三）湿度与风速变化的协同效应 4
四、园林植物配置优化策略与实践应用 5
（一）不同植物种类的选择依据 5
（二）空间布局与功能分区设计 5
（三）实际案例分析与效果评估 6
结 论 6
致 谢 7
参考文献 8
