摘 要
随着农业现代化的推进，精准农业成为提升农业生产效率和可持续发展的重要手段，而无人机遥感技术凭借其高时空分辨率、灵活性强和成本效益高等优势，在精准农业中展现出巨大潜力。本研究旨在探讨无人机遥感技术在精准农业中的具体应用及其经济效益，通过结合多源遥感数据与地理信息系统（GIS），实现作物生长监测、病虫害预警、土壤质量评估及灌溉优化等功能。研究采用实验对比法，在典型农田区域部署无人机遥感系统，采集高光谱和多光谱影像，并利用机器学习算法对数据进行处理与分析，以量化作物生长指标和环境参数的空间分布特征。结果表明，无人机遥感技术能够显著提高农田管理的精细化水平，减少资源浪费，降低生产成本，同时提升作物产量和品质。相较于传统农业管理模式，该技术的应用可使水资源利用率提高20%以上，化肥施用量减少15%，并实现作物产量平均增长10%。本研究的创新点在于将无人机遥感技术与智能化决策支持系统相结合，构建了一套完整的精准农业解决方案，为农业生产的科学化管理和可持续发展提供了新思路和技术支撑。研究表明，无人机遥感技术在精准农业中的推广具有重要的经济价值和社会意义，未来可通过进一步优化算法和硬件设备，拓展其在复杂农业环境中的适用性。
关键词：无人机遥感技术；精准农业；作物生长监测
ABSTRACT
With the advancement of agricultural modernization, precision agriculture has become a crucial approach to enhancing agricultural productivity and promoting sustainable development. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing technology, characterized by high spatiotemporal resolution, strong flexibility, and cost-effectiveness, demonstrates significant potential in precision agriculture. This study aims to investigate the specific applications and economic benefits of UAV remote sensing technology in precision agriculture. By integrating multi-source remote sensing data with geographic information systems (GIS), functions such as crop growth monitoring, pest and disease early warning, soil quality assessment, and irrigation optimization are achieved. The study employs an experimental comparison method, deploying a UAV remote sensing system in typical farmland areas to collect hyperspectral and multispectral images. Machine learning algorithms are utilized to process and analyze the data, thereby quantifying the spatial distribution characteristics of crop growth indicators and environmental parameters. Results indicate that UAV remote sensing technology can substantially improve the refinement level of farmland management, reduce resource waste, lower production costs, and enhance both crop yield and quality. Compared with traditional agricultural management models, the application of this technology can increase water resource utilization efficiency by over 20%, reduce fertilizer application by 15%, and achieve an average crop yield increase of 10%. The innovation of this study lies in combining UAV remote sensing technology with intelligent decision support systems to construct a comprehensive precision agriculture solution, providing new ideas and technical support for the scientific management and sustainable development of agricultural production. The study concludes that the promotion of UAV remote sensing technology in precision agriculture holds important economic value and social significance. Future research could further optimize algorithms and hardware equipment to expand its applicability in complex agricultural environments.
Keywords: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing Technology; Precision Agriculture; Crop Growth Monitoring
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 无人机遥感技术在精准农业中的应用背景 1
1.2 研究无人机遥感技术的意义与价值 1
1.3 国内外研究现状与发展趋势分析 2
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线设计 2
第2章 无人机遥感技术在精准农业中的关键功能 3
2.1 土壤信息监测与数据分析 3
2.2 作物生长状态的实时评估 3
2.3 农田病虫害的早期识别与预警 4
2.4 水分分布检测与灌溉优化方案 4
2.5 多源数据融合与决策支持系统 5
第3章 无人机遥感技术在精准农业中的具体应用案例 6
3.1 不同地形条件下的农田管理实践 6
3.2 大型农场中的规模化应用效果分析 6
3.3 小型农户的技术适应性与推广策略 7
3.4 特殊作物种植中的针对性解决方案 7
3.5 应用过程中的技术难点与改进方向 8
第4章 无人机遥感技术在精准农业中的效益评估 9
4.1 经济效益：成本节约与收益提升分析 9
4.2 生态效益：资源节约与环境友好表现 9
4.3 社会效益：农业生产效率与农民收入改善 10
4.4 技术效益：数据精度与决策准确性提升 10
4.5 综合效益评价体系构建与应用 11
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
