摘 要
水体富营养化是全球范围内普遍存在的环境问题，其引发的藻类过度繁殖、水质恶化及生态系统失衡对人类社会和自然环境构成严重威胁。本研究旨在系统探讨水体富营养化的控制技术与生态修复策略，以期为改善水体质量提供科学依据和技术支持。研究综合运用了实验室模拟实验、野外监测分析及模型预测等方法，从污染源控制、内源治理及生态修复三个层面展开深入研究。结果表明，通过优化氮磷去除工艺，可显著降低外源污染物输入；底泥疏浚结合原位钝化技术能够有效削减内源污染负荷；而基于本土物种的生态修复模式则在恢复水体自净能力方面表现出优异效果。此外，本研究创新性地提出了一种集成式水体修复框架，将物理、化学与生物修复措施有机结合，实现了高效协同治理。该框架在实际应用中展现出良好的适应性和可持续性，为类似水体的综合治理提供了新思路。总体而言，本研究不仅揭示了水体富营养化的关键驱动机制，还提出了针对性强且操作性强的技术方案，为推动水体生态修复理论与实践的发展做出了重要贡献。
关键词：水体富营养化；生态修复；氮磷去除；内源污染控制；集成式修复框架
ABSTRACT
Eutrophication of water bodies is a widespread environmental issue globally, and the resultant excessive algal proliferation, water quality deterioration, and ecological imbalance pose serious threats to human society and the natural environment. This study aims to systematically investigate the control technologies and ecological restoration strategies for water body eutrophication, providing scientific evidence and technical support for water quality improvement. By integrating laboratory simulation experiments, field monitoring analyses, and model predictions, this research conducts an in-depth study from three aspects: pollution source control, endogenous governance, and ecological restoration. The results indicate that optimizing nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes can significantly reduce exogenous pollutant inputs; the combination of sediment dredging and in-situ passivation technology effectively reduces endogenous pollution loads; and an ecological restoration model based on native species demonstrates excellent performance in restoring the self-purification capacity of water bodies. Furthermore, this study innovatively proposes an integrated water body restoration fr amework that combines physical, chemical, and biological remediation measures to achieve highly efficient synergistic management. This fr amework exhibits good adaptability and sustainability in practical applications, offering new insights into the comprehensive management of similar water bodies. Overall, this study not only elucidates the key driving mechanisms of water body eutrophication but also proposes technically feasible and operationally practical solutions, making significant contributions to the advancement of theories and practices in water body ecological restoration.
Keywords: Water Body Eutrophication; Ecological Restoration; Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal; Endogenous Pollution Control; Integrated Restoration fr amework
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 水体富营养化问题的背景与意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状与技术进展 1
1.3 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 水体富营养化的成因分析 3
2.1 营养物质来源及其输入途径 3
2.2 内源性污染的形成机制 3
2.3 外源性污染的主要类型 4
2.4 气候变化对富营养化的影响 4
第3章 水体富营养化的控制技术 6
3.1 物理控制技术及其应用 6
3.2 化学控制技术的原理与效果 6
3.3 生物控制技术的优势与局限 7
3.4 综合控制技术的实践案例 7
第4章 水体生态修复策略研究 9
4.1 生态修复的基本原则与目标 9
4.2 植物修复技术的应用与优化 9
4.3 微生物修复技术的作用机制 10
4.4 人工湿地在生态修复中的作用 10
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
