摘 要
导电高分子材料因其独特的电学性能和可加工性，在柔性电子、能源存储与转换以及传感器等领域展现出广阔的应用前景，但传统导电高分子材料存在稳定性差、机械性能不足等问题，限制了其实际应用。为解决上述问题，本研究以开发高性能新型导电高分子材料为目标，通过引入功能化侧链结构和优化分子主链设计，成功制备了一系列具有优异导电性、稳定性和柔韧性的新型聚噻吩衍生物。研究采用化学氧化聚合方法结合后修饰技术，系统调控了材料的分子结构与聚集态特性，并利用紫外-可见光谱、X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜等手段对其微观结构进行了深入表征。结果表明，所开发的材料在保持较高电导率的同时，展现出显著增强的热稳定性和力学性能，且在反复弯曲条件下仍能维持稳定的电学输出。此外，该类材料在超级电容器电极和柔性传感器中的测试显示，其比容量和灵敏度分别较传统材料提升约30%和40%，验证了其在实际应用中的优势。本研究的创新点在于通过分子工程策略实现了导电性与综合性能的协同优化，为高性能导电高分子材料的设计提供了新思路，同时推动了其在柔性电子器件领域的广泛应用。
关键词：导电高分子材料；聚噻吩衍生物；分子工程；柔性电子；性能优化
Abstract
Conductive polymers have shown promising application prospects in flexible electronics, energy storage and conversion, as well as sensors due to their unique electrical properties and processability. However, the poor stability and insufficient mechanical properties of traditional conductive polymers have restricted their practical applications. To address these issues, this study aims at developing high-performance novel conductive polymer materials by introducing functionalized side-chain structures and optimizing the molecular backbone design, successfully synthesizing a series of polythiophene derivatives with excellent conductivity, stability, and flexibility. The research employed chemical oxidative polymerization combined with post-modification techniques to systematically regulate the material's molecular structure and aggregation characteristics. The microstructure was thoroughly characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Results indicate that the developed materials maintain high electrical conductivity while exhibiting significantly enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties, and can sustain stable electrical output under repeated bending conditions. Moreover, tests in supercapacitor electrodes and flexible sensors demonstrate that the specific capacitance and sensitivity of these materials are approximately 30% and 40% higher than those of traditional materials, respectively, verifying their advantages in practical applications. The innovation of this study lies in achieving synergistic optimization of conductivity and overall performance through molecular engineering strategies, providing new insights into the design of high-performance conductive polymers and promoting their extensive application in flexible electronic devices..
Key Words：Conductive Polymer Materials；Polythiophene Derivatives；Molecular Engineering；Flexible Electronics；Performance Optimization
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 新型导电高分子材料的研究背景 1
1.2 开发与应用的意义分析 1
1.3 国内外研究现状综述 2
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 导电高分子材料的合成与制备 3
2.1 合成方法的选择与优化 3
2.2 制备工艺的关键参数控制 3
2.3 材料结构设计与性能预测 4
2.4 新型导电高分子的表征技术 4
2.5 合成过程中的问题与解决方案 5
第3章 导电高分子材料的性能研究 6
3.1 电学性能测试与分析 6
3.2 力学性能的优化策略 6
3.3 热稳定性对性能的影响 7
3.4 导电性能与结构的关系探讨 7
3.5 性能改进的技术路径 8
第4章 导电高分子材料的应用探索 9
4.1 在柔性电子器件中的应用 9
4.2 新能源领域的潜力分析 9
4.3 生物医学方向的应用前景 9
4.4 智能传感技术中的实践案例 10
4.5 应用过程中面临的挑战与对策 10
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
