摘 要
随着工业化的快速发展和水污染问题的日益严峻，水中有机污染物的去除已成为环境治理领域的研究热点。本研究旨在探讨活性炭吸附技术在去除水中有机物方面的效果及其潜在机制，为水处理工艺提供科学依据。研究选取了多种典型有机污染物作为目标物质，通过实验室规模的静态吸附实验和动态柱实验，系统分析了不同种类活性炭对有机物的吸附性能。实验中考察了活性炭类型、颗粒尺寸、溶液pH值、温度及初始浓度等因素对吸附效率的影响，并结合等温吸附模型和动力学模型对实验数据进行拟合分析。结果表明，活性炭的比表面积和孔隙结构是决定其吸附能力的关键因素，且Langmuir模型能够较好地描述吸附过程，说明吸附主要以单分子层形式发生。此外，伪二级动力学模型与实验数据高度吻合，表明化学吸附可能是控制步骤。研究还发现，溶液pH值显著影响吸附效果，酸性条件下吸附能力更强。本研究的创新点在于首次对比分析了三种新型改性活性炭在实际废水处理中的应用效果，并提出了优化吸附条件的建议。研究表明，通过酸化或负载金属氧化物改性可显著提升活性炭的吸附性能，为提高水处理效率提供了新思路。总体而言，活性炭吸附技术具有操作简便、成本较低及适用范围广的优点，但其再生利用问题仍需进一步探索。本研究不仅验证了活性炭在去除水中有机物方面的有效性，还为其在实际工程中的应用提供了理论支持和技术参考。关键词：活性炭吸附；有机污染物去除；改性活性炭；Langmuir模型；伪二级动力学模型
Abstract
With the rapid development of industrialization and the increasingly severe problem of water pollution, the removal of organic pollutants from water has become a research hotspot in environmental governance. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of activated carbon adsorption technology in removing organic compounds from water and its potential mechanisms, providing scientific evidence for water treatment processes. A range of typical organic pollutants were selected as target substances, and their adsorption behaviors on various types of activated carbon were systematically analyzed through laboratory-scale batch adsorption experiments and dynamic column experiments. Factors such as the type of activated carbon, particle size, solution pH, temperature, and initial concentration were examined for their influence on adsorption efficiency. Isotherm models and kinetic models were employed to fit and analyze the experimental data. The results indicate that the specific surface area and pore structure of activated carbon are key determinants of its adsorption capacity, and the Langmuir model adequately describes the adsorption process, suggesting that adsorption primarily occurs in a monolayer form. Additionally, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model showed high consistency with the experimental data, implying that chemical adsorption might be the rate-controlling step. The study also revealed that solution pH significantly affects adsorption performance, with stronger adsorption occurring under acidic conditions. An innovative aspect of this research is the comparative analysis of the application effects of three novel modified activated carbons in real wastewater treatment, along with recommendations for optimizing adsorption conditions. The findings demonstrate that modification through acidification or me tal oxide impregnation can substantially enhance the adsorption performance of activated carbon, offering new insights into improving water treatment efficiency. Overall, activated carbon adsorption technology exhibits advantages such as simplicity of operation, relatively low cost, and broad applicability; however, issues related to its regeneration and reuse require further investigation. This study not only verifies the effectiveness of activated carbon in removing organic pollutants from water but also provides theoretical support and technical references for its practical engineering applications..
Key Words：Activated Carbon Adsorption；Organic Pollutant Removal；Modified Activated Carbon；Langmuir Model；Pseudo Second Order Kinetics Model
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 2
1.1 研究背景与意义 2
1.2 国内外研究现状 2
1.3 研究方法 3
第2章 活性炭吸附性能的影响因素分析 5
2.1 活性炭特性对吸附效果的影响 5
2.2 水中有机物性质对吸附过程的作用 5
2.3 吸附条件对去除效率的影响 6
2.4 其他环境因素对吸附性能的干扰 7
第3章 活性炭吸附机理及动力学研究 9
3.1 吸附机理概述 9
3.1.1 物理吸附与化学吸附的区别 9
3.1.2 表面官能团的作用机制 9
3.1.3 孔隙结构对吸附的影响 10
3.1.4 吸附热力学基础 10
3.2 动力学模型分析 10
3.2.1 一级动力学模型的应用 11
3.2.2 二级动力学模型的适用性 11
3.2.3 内扩散模型的探讨 12
3.2.4 多种动力学模型的比较研究 12
3.3 等温吸附模型研究 12
3.3.1 Langmuir等温吸附模型 13
3.3.2 Freundlich等温吸附模型 13
3.3.3 Temkin等温吸附模型 13
3.3.4 BET多层吸附模型 14
第4章 活性炭吸附技术优化与应用前景 15
4.1 活性炭改性技术及其对吸附性能的提升 15
4.1.1 化学氧化改性方法 15
4.1.2 热处理改性技术 15
4.1.3 负载金属催化剂改性策略 16
4.1.4 生物质基活性炭的开发与应用 16
4.2 不同类型活性炭的对比分析 16
4.2.1 粉末活性炭与颗粒活性炭的性能差异 16
4.2.2 活性炭纤维的吸附优势 17
4.2.3 改性活性炭的实际应用效果 17
4.2.4 新型活性炭材料的发展趋势 17
4.3 活性炭吸附技术在水处理中的实际应用 18
4.3.1 城市污水处理中的应用案例 18
4.3.2 工业废水处理中的具体实践 18
4.3.3 地表水净化中的吸附效果评估 19
4.3.4 饮用水深度处理中的作用分析 19
4.4 活性炭吸附技术的经济性与可持续性评价 19
4.4.1 成本效益分析 20
4.4.2 再生技术的可行性研究 20
4.4.3 环境友好型吸附材料的探索 20
结 论 21
参考文献 22
致 谢 23
