摘 要
随着全球能源危机和环境污染问题的加剧，电动汽车作为绿色交通的重要组成部分，其普及程度日益提高，而充电基础设施的合理布局与高效充电策略成为推动电动汽车发展的关键因素。本研究旨在优化电动汽车充电站的空间布局并提出高效的充电调度策略，以缓解充电设施供需失衡问题，提升用户体验和系统运行效率。研究基于地理信息系统（GIS）和多目标优化算法，综合考虑城市土地利用、人口分布、交通流量及电动汽车行驶特性等因素，构建了充电站选址模型，并结合动态负荷预测方法设计了一种分时分区的智能充电策略。通过将实际案例数据引入模型验证，结果表明该优化方法能够显著降低充电站建设成本，提高设施利用率，同时有效减少电网负荷波动。此外，本研究创新性地引入用户行为偏好分析模块，进一步提升了充电服务的针对性和便利性。总体而言，本研究为电动汽车充电基础设施规划提供了科学依据和技术支持，对促进新能源汽车产业可持续发展具有重要意义。关键词：电动汽车充电站；多目标优化；地理信息系统；智能充电策略；用户行为偏好分析
Abstract
With the intensification of global energy crises and environmental pollution, electric vehicles (EVs), as a crucial component of green transportation, are becoming increasingly popular. The rational layout of charging infrastructure and the development of efficient charging strategies have emerged as key factors in promoting EV adoption. This study aims to optimize the spatial distribution of EV charging stations and propose an efficient charging scheduling strategy to alleviate the imbalance between supply and demand for charging facilities, thereby enhancing user experience and system operational efficiency. Based on geographic information systems (GIS) and multi-ob jective optimization algorithms, this research constructs a charging station location model that integrates multiple factors, including urban land use, population distribution, traffic flow, and EV driving characteristics. Additionally, a dynamic load forecasting method is employed to design a time-of-day and zone-specific intelligent charging strategy. By incorporating real-world case data into the model for validation, the results demonstrate that this optimization approach can significantly reduce the construction costs of charging stations while improving facility utilization rates and effectively mitigating fluctuations in grid loads. Furthermore, this study innovatively introduces a user preference analysis module, which enhances the relevance and convenience of charging services. Overall, this research provides a scientific basis and technical support for the planning of EV charging infrastructure, contributing substantially to the sustainable development of the new energy vehicle industry..Key Words：Electric Vehicle Charging Station；Multi-ob jective Optimization；Geographic Information System；Intelligent Charging Strategy；User Behavior Preference Analysis
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 2
1.1 电动汽车充电站研究背景与意义 2
1.2 国内外研究现状分析 2
1.3 本文研究方法与技术路线 3
第2章 充电站布局优化模型构建 4
2.1 布局优化的数学建模基础 4
2.2 影响充电站布局的关键因素分析 4
2.3 数据驱动的布局优化算法设计 5
2.4 模型验证与案例分析 5
第3章 充电策略优化方案研究 7
3.1 充电策略的基本原则与目标 7
3.2 动态充电需求预测方法研究 7
3.3 不同场景下的充电策略优化 8
3.4 策略实施的成本效益评估 8
第4章 实证分析与优化效果评价 10
4.1 实证区域选择与数据采集 10
4.2 布局优化的实际应用效果分析 10
4.3 充电策略优化的实证研究 11
4.4 经济性与环境效益综合评价 11
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
