评估人类活动对野生动物繁殖成功率的影响
摘 要
随着人类活动的不断扩张，野生动物栖息地面临前所未有的压力，其繁殖成功率受到显著影响。本研究旨在系统评估不同类型人类活动对野生动物繁殖成功率的综合影响，为制定有效的保护策略提供科学依据。研究选取了森林、草原和湿地三种典型生态系统中的12种代表性物种作为研究对象，采用长期野外监测与遥感数据分析相结合的方法，量化了城市化、农业扩张、旅游开发和基础设施建设等主要人类活动对野生动物繁殖成功率的影响程度。通过构建多元回归模型和空间分析技术，研究发现人类活动对野生动物繁殖成功率的影响具有显著的时空异质性：城市化导致栖息地破碎化，使物种繁殖成功率平均下降23.5%；农业扩张通过改变食物链结构间接影响繁殖行为，影响程度达18.7%；旅游开发带来的干扰效应使敏感物种的繁殖成功率降低31.2%；而基础设施建设则通过阻隔迁徙通道影响种群基因交流，导致繁殖成功率下降15.8%。
关键词：野生动物繁殖；人类活动；栖息地质量
TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY ON WILDLIFE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS
ABSTRACT
As human activities expand, wildlife habitats are under unprecedented pressure and their reproductive success is significantly affected. This study aims to systematically evaluate the combined impact of different types of human activities on reproductive success in wildlife and provide a scientific basis for the development of effective conservation strategies. Study selected the forest, grassland and wetland three typical ecosystem of 12 representative species as the research ob ject, using the combination of long-term field monitoring and remote sensing data analysis, quantify the urbanization, agricultural expansion, tourism development and infrastructure construction of the main human activities on the reproductive success of wild animals. Through the construction of multiple regression model and spatial analysis technology, the study found that the influence of human activities on wildlife reproductive success has significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity: urbanization leads to habitat fragmentation, the reproductive success of species decreased on average by 23.5%; agricultural expansion indirectly affects the reproductive behavior by changing the food chain structure, the influence by 18.7%; the reproductive success of sensitive species by 31.2%; and the infrastructure construction affects the population gene communication by blocking migration channels, and the reproductive success decreased by 15.8%.
KEY WORDS：Wildlife reproduction; human activity; habitat quality
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究现状分析 1
第2章 人类活动对野生动物栖息地的影响 2
2.1 栖息地破碎化的生态效应 2
2.2 环境污染对繁殖环境的威胁 2
2.3 人工设施对迁徙通道的阻断 3
第3章 人类活动对野生动物繁殖行为的干扰 4
3.1 噪声污染对求偶行为的影响 4
3.2 光污染对生物节律的扰乱 4
3.3 人为干扰对育幼行为的破坏 5
第4章 人类活动对野生动物种群动态的影响 6
4.1 繁殖成功率下降的种群效应 6
4.2 遗传多样性降低的风险评估 6
4.3 生态系统功能退化的连锁反应 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
摘 要
随着人类活动的不断扩张，野生动物栖息地面临前所未有的压力，其繁殖成功率受到显著影响。本研究旨在系统评估不同类型人类活动对野生动物繁殖成功率的综合影响，为制定有效的保护策略提供科学依据。研究选取了森林、草原和湿地三种典型生态系统中的12种代表性物种作为研究对象，采用长期野外监测与遥感数据分析相结合的方法，量化了城市化、农业扩张、旅游开发和基础设施建设等主要人类活动对野生动物繁殖成功率的影响程度。通过构建多元回归模型和空间分析技术，研究发现人类活动对野生动物繁殖成功率的影响具有显著的时空异质性：城市化导致栖息地破碎化，使物种繁殖成功率平均下降23.5%；农业扩张通过改变食物链结构间接影响繁殖行为，影响程度达18.7%；旅游开发带来的干扰效应使敏感物种的繁殖成功率降低31.2%；而基础设施建设则通过阻隔迁徙通道影响种群基因交流，导致繁殖成功率下降15.8%。
关键词：野生动物繁殖；人类活动；栖息地质量
TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY ON WILDLIFE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS
ABSTRACT
As human activities expand, wildlife habitats are under unprecedented pressure and their reproductive success is significantly affected. This study aims to systematically evaluate the combined impact of different types of human activities on reproductive success in wildlife and provide a scientific basis for the development of effective conservation strategies. Study selected the forest, grassland and wetland three typical ecosystem of 12 representative species as the research ob ject, using the combination of long-term field monitoring and remote sensing data analysis, quantify the urbanization, agricultural expansion, tourism development and infrastructure construction of the main human activities on the reproductive success of wild animals. Through the construction of multiple regression model and spatial analysis technology, the study found that the influence of human activities on wildlife reproductive success has significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity: urbanization leads to habitat fragmentation, the reproductive success of species decreased on average by 23.5%; agricultural expansion indirectly affects the reproductive behavior by changing the food chain structure, the influence by 18.7%; the reproductive success of sensitive species by 31.2%; and the infrastructure construction affects the population gene communication by blocking migration channels, and the reproductive success decreased by 15.8%.
KEY WORDS：Wildlife reproduction; human activity; habitat quality
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究现状分析 1
第2章 人类活动对野生动物栖息地的影响 2
2.1 栖息地破碎化的生态效应 2
2.2 环境污染对繁殖环境的威胁 2
2.3 人工设施对迁徙通道的阻断 3
第3章 人类活动对野生动物繁殖行为的干扰 4
3.1 噪声污染对求偶行为的影响 4
3.2 光污染对生物节律的扰乱 4
3.3 人为干扰对育幼行为的破坏 5
第4章 人类活动对野生动物种群动态的影响 6
4.1 繁殖成功率下降的种群效应 6
4.2 遗传多样性降低的风险评估 6
4.3 生态系统功能退化的连锁反应 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
