摘 要
精密机械加工在现代制造业中具有重要地位，其表面完整性直接影响零部件的性能与寿命。本研究以提升精密机械加工中表面完整性的质量为目标，深入探讨了加工工艺参数对材料表面微观结构、残余应力及疲劳性能的影响机制。通过结合实验研究与数值模拟方法，系统分析了不同切削速度、进给量和切削深度对表面粗糙度、显微硬度及残余应力分布的作用规律，并提出了基于多目标优化的加工参数选择策略。研究结果表明，合理调控切削参数能够显著改善表面完整性的关键指标，尤其是在降低表面粗糙度和优化残余应力分布方面效果显著。此外，本研究创新性地引入了人工智能算法对表面完整性进行预测建模，实现了加工过程中的实时监控与优化调整，从而为实际生产提供了理论指导和技术支持。最终结论显示，该研究不仅深化了对精密机械加工中表面完整性影响机制的理解，还为提高零部件使用寿命和可靠性提供了有效途径，具有重要的学术价值和工程应用前景。
关键词：精密机械加工；表面完整性；切削参数优化；残余应力分布；人工智能预测建模
Abstract
Precision mechanical machining plays a crucial role in modern manufacturing, and its surface integrity directly affects the performance and lifespan of components. This study aims to enhance the quality of surface integrity in precision mechanical machining by investigating the influence mechanisms of machining process parameters on material surface microstructure, residual stress, and fatigue properties. By integrating experimental research with numerical simulation methods, the study systematically analyzes the effects of different cutting speeds, feed rates, and cutting depths on surface roughness, microhardness, and residual stress distribution, proposing a multi-ob jective optimization-based strategy for selecting machining parameters. The results indicate that appropriately adjusting cutting parameters can significantly improve key indicators of surface integrity, particularly in reducing surface roughness and optimizing residual stress distribution. Additionally, this study innovatively incorporates artificial intelligence algorithms for predictive modeling of surface integrity, enabling real-time monitoring and optimization adjustments during the machining process, thereby providing theoretical guidance and technical support for practical production. The final conclusion reveals that this research not only deepens the understanding of the influencing mechanisms of surface integrity in precision mechanical machining but also offers effective approaches to enhancing component lifespan and reliability, demonstrating significant academic value and engineering application potential.
Keywords: Precision Mechanical Machining; Surface Integrity; Cutting Parameter Optimization; Residual Stress Distribution; Artificial Intelligence Prediction Modeling
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1精密机械加工与表面完整性概述 1
1.2表面完整性研究的背景与意义 1
1.3国内外研究现状分析 1
1.4本文研究方法与技术路线 2
2表面完整性的关键影响因素 2
2.1加工工艺对表面完整性的影响 2
2.2材料特性与表面质量的关系 3
2.3切削参数优化与表面完整性提升 3
2.4热处理对表面完整性的作用 4
2.5影响因素的综合分析 4
3表面完整性检测与评价方法 4
3.1表面粗糙度测量技术 5
3.2残余应力检测方法研究 5
3.3微观组织分析技术应用 6
3.4表面完整性综合评价体系构建 6
3.5检测与评价方法的对比分析 7
4表面完整性改进策略与应用实例 7
4.1新型加工技术的应用研究 7
4.2表面改性技术对完整性的提升 8
4.3工艺参数优化的实际案例分析 8
4.4表面完整性在关键零部件中的应用 8
4.5改进策略的效果评估与展望 9
结论 9
参考文献 11
致 谢 12
