摘要
心跳骤停是一种突发性、高致死率的临床急症，其救治过程对患者家属造成极大的心理冲击，可能引发焦虑、抑郁等负面情绪。为改善家属心理健康状态，本研究旨在构建并验证一种针对心跳骤停家属的心理干预阶段性护理方案。研究采用准实验设计，选取某三甲医院急诊科2021年6月至2022年6月收治的80例心跳骤停患者的家属作为研究对象，随机分为干预组和对照组，每组40例。干预组接受基于心理弹性理论的阶段性护理干预，包括初期安抚与信息支持、中期情绪疏导与认知重建及后期社会支持网络重建；对照组仅接受常规护理。通过焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）评估两组家属的心理状态，结果显示干预组在干预后3天、7天及30天的焦虑和抑郁评分均显著低于对照组（P0.05）。这表明该阶段性护理方案能够有效缓解家属的负面情绪，提升心理适应能力。本研究创新性地将心理弹性理论融入护理实践，并提出系统化的阶段性干预措施，为心跳骤停家属的心理护理提供了新思路和实证依据。关键词：心跳骤停家属；心理干预；阶段性护理；心理弹性理论；焦虑抑郁评分
A Stage-Based Nursing Protocol for Psychological Interventions with Families of Cardiac Arrest Patients
Abstract
Sudden cardiac arrest is a high-mortality clinical emergency that imposes significant psychological stress on family members, potentially leading to negative emotions such as anxiety and depression. To improve the mental health of family members, this study aimed to develop and validate a phased psychological intervention nursing program specifically designed for families of cardiac arrest patients. A quasi-experimental design was employed, recruiting 80 family members of cardiac arrest patients admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary hospital between June 2021 and June 2022. Participants were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group, with 40 individuals in each group. The intervention group received phased nursing interventions based on resilience theory, which included initial comfort and information support, mid-term emotional guidance and cognitive restructuring, and late-stage reconstruction of social support networks. In contrast, the control group only received routine care. Psychological states of both groups were assessed using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Results indicated that the anxiety and depression scores of the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the control group at 3 days, 7 days, and 30 days post-intervention (P0.05). This suggests that the phased nursing program effectively alleviates negative emotions and enhances psychological adaptability among family members. Innovatively integrating resilience theory into nursing practice, this study proposes systematic phased intervention measures, providing new insights and empirical evidence for the psychological care of families affected by sudden cardiac arrest.
Keywords: Family Of Cardiac Arrest Patients; Psychological Intervention; Phase-Based Nursing; Psychological Resilience Theory; Anxiety And Depression Scores
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
引言 1
1 心跳骤停家属心理特征分析 1
1.1 家属心理应激反应概述 1
1.2 不同阶段心理特征表现 2
1.3 心理特征对护理干预的影响 2
2 阶段性护理方案的设计原则 3
2.1 护理方案的理论基础 3
2.2 阶段划分与目标设定 3
2.3 方案设计的关键要素 4
3 心理干预的具体实施策略 4
3.1 急性期的心理支持方法 4
3.2 稳定期的情感沟通技巧 4
3.3 后续期的心理康复指导 5
4 护理方案的效果评估与优化 5
4.1 干预效果的量化评估 5
4.2 家属满意度调查分析 6
4.3 方案改进的方向与建议 6
结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 9
