摘要
流感作为全球性公共卫生问题，其防控依赖于疫苗接种的广泛覆盖。然而，流感疫苗接种率在不同地区间存在显著差异，其空间分布特征及影响因素尚未得到系统研究。本研究基于全国范围内的调查数据，结合地理信息系统（GIS）和多元回归分析方法，探讨了中国流感疫苗接种率的空间分布规律及其背后的社会经济、医疗资源和公众认知等多重影响因素。研究发现，接种率呈现明显的区域不均衡性，东部沿海地区的接种率显著高于中西部地区，且城市化水平、人均收入和医疗卫生服务可及性是关键驱动因素。此外，公众对流感的认知程度与接种意愿呈正相关关系。本研究创新性地将空间分析与社会经济因素相结合，揭示了接种率差异的深层次原因，并为优化疫苗分配策略、提升接种覆盖率提供了科学依据。研究成果对制定精准化的公共卫生政策具有重要参考价值。关键词：流感疫苗接种率；空间分布；社会经济因素；公众认知；地理信息系统（GIS）
Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Influenza Vaccination Rates
Abstract
Influenza, as a global public health issue, relies on widespread vaccination coverage for its prevention and control. However, significant disparities exist in influenza vaccination rates across different regions, and the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors have not been systematically investigated. Based on nationwide survey data, this study integrates Geographic Information System (GIS) and multiple regression analysis to explore the spatial distribution patterns of influenza vaccination rates in China and the underlying socioeconomic, healthcare resources, and public awareness factors that influence them. The findings reveal marked regional imbalances in vaccination rates, with significantly higher rates in eastern coastal areas compared to central and western regions. Urbanization levels, per capita income, and accessibility of healthcare services are identified as key driving factors. Furthermore, public awareness of influenza is positively correlated with vaccination willingness. This study innovatively combines spatial analysis with socioeconomic factors to uncover the deep-rooted causes of vaccination rate disparities and provides a scientific basis for optimizing vaccine distribution strategies and enhancing vaccination coverage. The research outcomes offer important references for formulating precise public health policies.
Keywords: Influenza Vaccine Coverage; Spatial Distribution; Socioeconomic Factors; Public Awareness; Geographic Information System (GIS)
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
引言 1
1 流感疫苗接种率的空间分布特征 1
1.1 空间分布的总体特征分析 1
1.2 区域差异及其表现形式 2
1.3 关键影响区域的识别与评估 2
2 流感疫苗接种率的影响因素分析 2
2.1 人口统计学因素的作用机制 3
2.2 社会经济因素对接种率的影响 3
2.3 地理环境因素的贡献分析 3
3 数据驱动的空间分布建模研究 4
3.1 数据来源与预处理方法 4
3.2 空间分布模型的构建与验证 4
3.3 模型结果的空间解释与应用 5
4 提高流感疫苗接种率的对策探讨 5
4.1 针对性政策的设计与实施 5
4.2 公众健康教育的优化策略 6
4.3 跨区域合作的可行性分析 6
结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 9
