肉羊布氏杆菌病的血清学调查与防控
摘 要
肉羊布氏杆菌病是一种严重危害畜牧业发展和人类健康的传染病，其流行范围广且防控难度大。为全面了解我国部分地区肉羊布氏杆菌病的感染现状并制定科学防控策略，本研究选取了全国10个省份的25个养殖区域，采用间接ELISA法和虎红平板凝集试验（RBT）对3,200份血清样本进行了血清学调查，并结合流行病学数据分析了感染风险因素。结果显示，总体阳性率为12.4%，其中北方地区显著高于南方地区，规模化养殖场的阳性率低于散养户。此外，通过对比不同检测方法的敏感性和特异性，发现间接ELISA法更适合大规模筛查。基于调查结果，本研究提出了以“分区管理、分类指导”为核心的综合防控措施，包括加强免疫接种、完善检疫制度和提升养殖户防控意识。该研究首次系统评估了我国肉羊布氏杆菌病的区域性流行特征，并为精准防控提供了重要依据，具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。
关键词：肉羊布氏杆菌病；感染现状；间接ELISA法
SEROLOGICAL INVESTIGATION AND PREVENTION OF BRUCELLOSIS IN MEAT SHEEP
ABSTRACT
Brucellosis in meat sheep is a highly contagious disease that poses a significant threat to the development of animal husbandry and human health, with a wide epidemic range and considerable difficulty in prevention and control. To comprehensively understand the infection status of brucellosis in meat sheep in some regions of China and formulate scientific prevention strategies, this study selected 25 farming areas across 10 provinces nationwide. A serological survey was conducted on 3,200 serum samples using indirect ELISA and Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBT), combined with epidemiological data analysis to evaluate risk factors for infection. The results showed an overall positive rate of 12.4%, with significantly higher rates in northern regions compared to southern regions and lower rates in large-scale farms than in smallholder farming households. Furthermore, by comparing the sensitivity and specificity of different detection methods, it was found that indirect ELISA is more suitable for large-scale screening. Based on the survey findings, this study proposed comprehensive prevention and control measures centered on "regional management and categorized guidance," including enhancing vaccination programs, improving quarantine systems, and increasing awareness among farmers regarding disease prevention. This research represents the first systematic evaluation of regional epidemic characteristics of brucellosis in meat sheep in China, providing critical evidence for precise prevention and control, and demonstrating important theoretical and practical significance.
KEY WORDS：Brucellosis In Meat Sheep；Infection Status；Indirect Elisa Method
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 肉羊布氏杆菌病研究背景与意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状分析 1
第二章 肉羊布氏杆菌病血清学调查方法 2
2.1 血清学检测技术选择与优化 2
2.2 样本采集与处理流程 2
2.3 数据分析与结果评估 2
第三章 肉羊布氏杆菌病流行病学特征 4
3.1 地区分布与感染率统计 4
3.2 传播途径与风险因素分析 4
3.3 流行趋势预测与模型构建 5
第四章 肉羊布氏杆菌病防控策略研究 6
4.1 疫苗接种与免疫效果评估 6
4.2 检疫隔离措施实施与改进 6
4.3 综合防控体系的构建与推广 7
结 论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
摘 要
肉羊布氏杆菌病是一种严重危害畜牧业发展和人类健康的传染病，其流行范围广且防控难度大。为全面了解我国部分地区肉羊布氏杆菌病的感染现状并制定科学防控策略，本研究选取了全国10个省份的25个养殖区域，采用间接ELISA法和虎红平板凝集试验（RBT）对3,200份血清样本进行了血清学调查，并结合流行病学数据分析了感染风险因素。结果显示，总体阳性率为12.4%，其中北方地区显著高于南方地区，规模化养殖场的阳性率低于散养户。此外，通过对比不同检测方法的敏感性和特异性，发现间接ELISA法更适合大规模筛查。基于调查结果，本研究提出了以“分区管理、分类指导”为核心的综合防控措施，包括加强免疫接种、完善检疫制度和提升养殖户防控意识。该研究首次系统评估了我国肉羊布氏杆菌病的区域性流行特征，并为精准防控提供了重要依据，具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。
关键词：肉羊布氏杆菌病；感染现状；间接ELISA法
SEROLOGICAL INVESTIGATION AND PREVENTION OF BRUCELLOSIS IN MEAT SHEEP
ABSTRACT
Brucellosis in meat sheep is a highly contagious disease that poses a significant threat to the development of animal husbandry and human health, with a wide epidemic range and considerable difficulty in prevention and control. To comprehensively understand the infection status of brucellosis in meat sheep in some regions of China and formulate scientific prevention strategies, this study selected 25 farming areas across 10 provinces nationwide. A serological survey was conducted on 3,200 serum samples using indirect ELISA and Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBT), combined with epidemiological data analysis to evaluate risk factors for infection. The results showed an overall positive rate of 12.4%, with significantly higher rates in northern regions compared to southern regions and lower rates in large-scale farms than in smallholder farming households. Furthermore, by comparing the sensitivity and specificity of different detection methods, it was found that indirect ELISA is more suitable for large-scale screening. Based on the survey findings, this study proposed comprehensive prevention and control measures centered on "regional management and categorized guidance," including enhancing vaccination programs, improving quarantine systems, and increasing awareness among farmers regarding disease prevention. This research represents the first systematic evaluation of regional epidemic characteristics of brucellosis in meat sheep in China, providing critical evidence for precise prevention and control, and demonstrating important theoretical and practical significance.
KEY WORDS：Brucellosis In Meat Sheep；Infection Status；Indirect Elisa Method
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 肉羊布氏杆菌病研究背景与意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状分析 1
第二章 肉羊布氏杆菌病血清学调查方法 2
2.1 血清学检测技术选择与优化 2
2.2 样本采集与处理流程 2
2.3 数据分析与结果评估 2
第三章 肉羊布氏杆菌病流行病学特征 4
3.1 地区分布与感染率统计 4
3.2 传播途径与风险因素分析 4
3.3 流行趋势预测与模型构建 5
第四章 肉羊布氏杆菌病防控策略研究 6
4.1 疫苗接种与免疫效果评估 6
4.2 检疫隔离措施实施与改进 6
4.3 综合防控体系的构建与推广 7
结 论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
