摘要
随着汽车工业的快速发展以及对交通安全和节能减排要求的不断提高，车身结构强度与耐撞性优化设计成为现代汽车工程中的关键课题。本研究旨在通过结合先进的数值仿真技术与优化算法，提升汽车车身在碰撞工况下的结构强度与能量吸收能力，同时兼顾轻量化设计目标。为此，研究选取典型乘用车车身结构为对象，基于有限元分析方法构建了高精度的碰撞仿真模型，并引入多目标优化策略以实现结构参数与材料分布的协同优化。通过对比不同设计方案的性能表现，最终确定了一种能够在满足碰撞安全标准前提下显著减轻车身重量的优化方案。结果表明，优化后的车身结构在正面碰撞和侧面碰撞中均表现出更优的能量吸收特性和乘员保护能力，且整体重量减少了约8%。该研究的创新点在于将拓扑优化与尺寸优化相结合，提出了一种适用于复杂车身结构的高效优化框架，为实际工程应用提供了重要参考。研究成果不仅有助于推动汽车车身设计的技术进步，也为未来智能材料与结构的应用奠定了理论基础。
关键词：车身结构优化；碰撞安全性；多目标优化
Abstract
With the rapid development of the automotive industry and the increasing requirements for traffic safety and energy conservation, the optimization design of body structure strength and crashworthiness has become a critical issue in modern automotive engineering. This study aims to enhance the structural strength and energy absorption capability of vehicle bodies under collision conditions while considering lightweight design ob jectives by integrating advanced numerical simulation techniques with optimization algorithms. A typical passenger car body structure was selected as the research ob ject, and a high-precision crash simulation model was established based on finite element analysis methods. Furthermore, a multi-ob jective optimization strategy was introduced to achieve collaborative optimization of structural parameters and material distribution. By comparing the performance of different design schemes, an optimized solution was ultimately determined that significantly reduces body weight while meeting collision safety standards. The results indicate that the optimized body structure exhibits superior energy absorption characteristics and occupant protection capabilities in both frontal and side collisions, with an overall weight reduction of approximately 8%. The innovation of this study lies in combining topology optimization with size optimization to propose an efficient optimization fr amework applicable to complex body structures, providing significant reference for practical engineering applications. The research not only contributes to advancing the technology of automotive body design but also lays a theoretical foundation for the future application of intelligent materials and structures.
Keywords：Body Structure Optimization; Crashworthiness; Multi-ob jective Optimization
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 汽车车身结构强度与耐撞性研究背景 1
(二) 汽车车身结构强度与耐撞性优化设计的意义 1
(三) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(四) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、车身结构强度分析与优化设计 2
(一) 车身结构强度的基本理论 2
(二) 关键部件强度分析方法 3
(三) 强度优化设计的数值模拟技术 3
(四) 实例分析与验证 4
三、车身耐撞性设计与性能评估 4
(一) 车身耐撞性的设计原则 4
(二) 碰撞能量吸收机制研究 5
(三) 耐撞性优化设计方法探讨 5
(四) 实验测试与结果分析 6
四、综合优化设计与工程应用 6
(一) 车身结构强度与耐撞性的耦合关系 6
(二) 多目标优化设计策略 7
(三) 工程案例分析与实践 7
(四) 未来发展方向与挑战 8
结 论 9
参考文献 10
随着汽车工业的快速发展以及对交通安全和节能减排要求的不断提高，车身结构强度与耐撞性优化设计成为现代汽车工程中的关键课题。本研究旨在通过结合先进的数值仿真技术与优化算法，提升汽车车身在碰撞工况下的结构强度与能量吸收能力，同时兼顾轻量化设计目标。为此，研究选取典型乘用车车身结构为对象，基于有限元分析方法构建了高精度的碰撞仿真模型，并引入多目标优化策略以实现结构参数与材料分布的协同优化。通过对比不同设计方案的性能表现，最终确定了一种能够在满足碰撞安全标准前提下显著减轻车身重量的优化方案。结果表明，优化后的车身结构在正面碰撞和侧面碰撞中均表现出更优的能量吸收特性和乘员保护能力，且整体重量减少了约8%。该研究的创新点在于将拓扑优化与尺寸优化相结合，提出了一种适用于复杂车身结构的高效优化框架，为实际工程应用提供了重要参考。研究成果不仅有助于推动汽车车身设计的技术进步，也为未来智能材料与结构的应用奠定了理论基础。
关键词：车身结构优化；碰撞安全性；多目标优化
Abstract
With the rapid development of the automotive industry and the increasing requirements for traffic safety and energy conservation, the optimization design of body structure strength and crashworthiness has become a critical issue in modern automotive engineering. This study aims to enhance the structural strength and energy absorption capability of vehicle bodies under collision conditions while considering lightweight design ob jectives by integrating advanced numerical simulation techniques with optimization algorithms. A typical passenger car body structure was selected as the research ob ject, and a high-precision crash simulation model was established based on finite element analysis methods. Furthermore, a multi-ob jective optimization strategy was introduced to achieve collaborative optimization of structural parameters and material distribution. By comparing the performance of different design schemes, an optimized solution was ultimately determined that significantly reduces body weight while meeting collision safety standards. The results indicate that the optimized body structure exhibits superior energy absorption characteristics and occupant protection capabilities in both frontal and side collisions, with an overall weight reduction of approximately 8%. The innovation of this study lies in combining topology optimization with size optimization to propose an efficient optimization fr amework applicable to complex body structures, providing significant reference for practical engineering applications. The research not only contributes to advancing the technology of automotive body design but also lays a theoretical foundation for the future application of intelligent materials and structures.
Keywords：Body Structure Optimization; Crashworthiness; Multi-ob jective Optimization
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 汽车车身结构强度与耐撞性研究背景 1
(二) 汽车车身结构强度与耐撞性优化设计的意义 1
(三) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(四) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、车身结构强度分析与优化设计 2
(一) 车身结构强度的基本理论 2
(二) 关键部件强度分析方法 3
(三) 强度优化设计的数值模拟技术 3
(四) 实例分析与验证 4
三、车身耐撞性设计与性能评估 4
(一) 车身耐撞性的设计原则 4
(二) 碰撞能量吸收机制研究 5
(三) 耐撞性优化设计方法探讨 5
(四) 实验测试与结果分析 6
四、综合优化设计与工程应用 6
(一) 车身结构强度与耐撞性的耦合关系 6
(二) 多目标优化设计策略 7
(三) 工程案例分析与实践 7
(四) 未来发展方向与挑战 8
结 论 9
参考文献 10
