低压配电网谐波对网损的影响及对策研究
摘 要
本文旨在研究谐波对低压配电网网损的影响机制及应对策略，通过理论分析与实证研究相结合的方法，探讨不同谐波源特性及其在配电网中的传播规律。基于MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台构建典型低压配电网模型，模拟多种工况下谐波注入对系统有功功率损耗、无功功率分布以及电压偏差的影响。研究发现，谐波电流与基波电流相互作用导致附加损耗显著增加，尤其在高次谐波成分占比大时更为明显；同时，谐波还会引起变压器铁芯磁通畸变，进一步加剧了网损。针对上述问题，提出了一种基于自适应滤波器的谐波抑制方法，该方法能够根据实时监测数据动态调整滤波参数，有效降低特定频段内的谐波含量。此外，还结合经济性评估建立了多目标优化模型，以寻求最佳补偿方案，在保证电网安全稳定运行的前提下实现节能减排。
关键词：谐波污染；低压配电网；网损机制
ABSTRACT
This paper aims to study the influence mechanism and coping strategy of harmonics on the network loss of low-voltage distribution network, and discuss the characteristics of different harmonic sources and their propagation law in the distribution network through the method of combining theoretical analysis and empirical research. Based on the MATLAB / Simulink simulation platform, a typical low-voltage distribution network model is constructed to simulate the influence of harmonic injection on the active power loss, reactive power distribution and voltage deviation of the system under various working conditions. It is found that the interaction between harmonic current and fundamental wave current increases the additional loss, especially when the high harmonic component also causes the transformer core, which further increases the network loss. Aiming at the above problems, a harmonic suppression method based on the adaptive filter is proposed, which can dynamically adjust the filter parameters according to the real-time monitoring data and effectively reduce the harmonic content in a specific frequency band. In addition, a multi-ob jective optimization model is established combined with the economic evaluation to seek the best compensation scheme and achieve energy conservation and emission reduction on the premise of ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid.
KEY WORDS： Harmonic pollution; low-voltage distribution network; network loss mechanism
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
1 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
1.3 研究方法与技术路线 2
2 低压配电网谐波特性分析 2
2.1 谐波产生机理探讨 2
2.2 谐波传播特性研究 3
2.3 不同负荷下的谐波表现 4
3 谐波对网损影响的量化分析 4
3.1 网损计算模型建立 5
3.2 谐波引起的附加损耗 5
3.3 不同谐波水平下的网损变化 6
4 降低谐波影响的对策研究略 7
4.1 源端治理措施分析 7
4.2 网络优化配置策略 8
4.3 监测与管理体系建设 8
结论 10
致 谢 11
参考文献 12
摘 要
本文旨在研究谐波对低压配电网网损的影响机制及应对策略，通过理论分析与实证研究相结合的方法，探讨不同谐波源特性及其在配电网中的传播规律。基于MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台构建典型低压配电网模型，模拟多种工况下谐波注入对系统有功功率损耗、无功功率分布以及电压偏差的影响。研究发现，谐波电流与基波电流相互作用导致附加损耗显著增加，尤其在高次谐波成分占比大时更为明显；同时，谐波还会引起变压器铁芯磁通畸变，进一步加剧了网损。针对上述问题，提出了一种基于自适应滤波器的谐波抑制方法，该方法能够根据实时监测数据动态调整滤波参数，有效降低特定频段内的谐波含量。此外，还结合经济性评估建立了多目标优化模型，以寻求最佳补偿方案，在保证电网安全稳定运行的前提下实现节能减排。
关键词：谐波污染；低压配电网；网损机制
ABSTRACT
This paper aims to study the influence mechanism and coping strategy of harmonics on the network loss of low-voltage distribution network, and discuss the characteristics of different harmonic sources and their propagation law in the distribution network through the method of combining theoretical analysis and empirical research. Based on the MATLAB / Simulink simulation platform, a typical low-voltage distribution network model is constructed to simulate the influence of harmonic injection on the active power loss, reactive power distribution and voltage deviation of the system under various working conditions. It is found that the interaction between harmonic current and fundamental wave current increases the additional loss, especially when the high harmonic component also causes the transformer core, which further increases the network loss. Aiming at the above problems, a harmonic suppression method based on the adaptive filter is proposed, which can dynamically adjust the filter parameters according to the real-time monitoring data and effectively reduce the harmonic content in a specific frequency band. In addition, a multi-ob jective optimization model is established combined with the economic evaluation to seek the best compensation scheme and achieve energy conservation and emission reduction on the premise of ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid.
KEY WORDS： Harmonic pollution; low-voltage distribution network; network loss mechanism
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
1 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
1.3 研究方法与技术路线 2
2 低压配电网谐波特性分析 2
2.1 谐波产生机理探讨 2
2.2 谐波传播特性研究 3
2.3 不同负荷下的谐波表现 4
3 谐波对网损影响的量化分析 4
3.1 网损计算模型建立 5
3.2 谐波引起的附加损耗 5
3.3 不同谐波水平下的网损变化 6
4 降低谐波影响的对策研究略 7
4.1 源端治理措施分析 7
4.2 网络优化配置策略 8
4.3 监测与管理体系建设 8
结论 10
致 谢 11
参考文献 12
