《围城》中方鸿渐的矛盾性格与知识分子困境
摘 要
《围城》中方鸿渐的矛盾性格与知识分子困境的研究基于20世纪上半叶中国社会转型期特殊背景，彼时传统价值观遭受冲击，新旧文化碰撞激烈，方鸿渐这一人物形象成为当时知识分子群体的典型缩影。本研究旨在深入剖析方鸿渐矛盾性格及其背后知识分子面临的生存与发展困境，采用文本细读法结合社会历史批评方法，从家庭、爱情、事业三方面挖掘其性格特征。研究发现方鸿渐既渴望融入西方现代文明又留恋东方传统文化，在理想与现实间徘徊不定，这种矛盾性体现在他对待婚姻摇摆不定、职业选择缺乏主见等行为中。创新之处在于将个体性格分析置于时代语境下考察，揭示出方鸿渐所代表的知识分子群体普遍存在的精神危机，即在社会变革浪潮中迷失自我价值定位，难以找到安身立命的精神家园，为理解当时知识分子内心世界提供了新视角，也为当代人思考个人与社会关系带来启示。
关键词：方鸿渐；知识分子困境；矛盾性格
Abstract
The study of Fang Hongjian's contradictory character in "Fortress Besieged" and the intellectual predicament is grounded in the unique context of early 20th-century China, a period marked by societal transformation where traditional values were challenged and new and old cultures clashed intensely. Fang Hongjian serves as a quintessential representation of the intellectual community during this era. This research aims to delve into the analysis of Fang Hongjian's contradictory personality and the existential and developmental dilemmas faced by intellectuals, employing close reading methods combined with socio-historical criticism. The analysis focuses on three aspects: family, love, and career, to uncover his character traits. It reveals that Fang Hongjian yearns for integration into Western modern civilization while remaining attached to Eastern traditional culture, wavering between ideals and reality. This ambivalence manifests in his indecisiveness regarding marriage and lack of initiative in career choices. The innovation of this study lies in examining individual character within its historical context, exposing the widespread spiritual crisis among intellectuals represented by Fang Hongjian. This crisis reflects their loss of self-identity and difficulty in finding a spiritual home amidst social upheaval, providing a new perspective on understanding the inner world of intellectuals at that time and offering insights into the relationship between individuals and society for contemporary reflection.
Keywords: Fang Hongjian；Intellectual Dilemma；Contradictory Personality
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引言 1
一、方鸿渐性格的矛盾特质 1
（一）理想与现实的冲突 1
（二）优柔寡断的性格表现 1
（三）内心挣扎与外在行为 2
二、方鸿渐的情感世界困境 2
（一）感情选择的迷茫 2
（二）人际关系的疏离 3
（三）情感表达的障碍 3
三、方鸿渐的职业发展困境 4
（一）职业理想的破灭 4
（二）工作环境的不适 4
（三）社会地位的焦虑 5
四、方鸿渐的知识分子身份认同 5
（一）文化传承的困惑 5
（二）现代社会的适应 6
（三）自我价值的追寻 6
结 论 7
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
摘 要
《围城》中方鸿渐的矛盾性格与知识分子困境的研究基于20世纪上半叶中国社会转型期特殊背景，彼时传统价值观遭受冲击，新旧文化碰撞激烈，方鸿渐这一人物形象成为当时知识分子群体的典型缩影。本研究旨在深入剖析方鸿渐矛盾性格及其背后知识分子面临的生存与发展困境，采用文本细读法结合社会历史批评方法，从家庭、爱情、事业三方面挖掘其性格特征。研究发现方鸿渐既渴望融入西方现代文明又留恋东方传统文化，在理想与现实间徘徊不定，这种矛盾性体现在他对待婚姻摇摆不定、职业选择缺乏主见等行为中。创新之处在于将个体性格分析置于时代语境下考察，揭示出方鸿渐所代表的知识分子群体普遍存在的精神危机，即在社会变革浪潮中迷失自我价值定位，难以找到安身立命的精神家园，为理解当时知识分子内心世界提供了新视角，也为当代人思考个人与社会关系带来启示。
关键词：方鸿渐；知识分子困境；矛盾性格
Abstract
The study of Fang Hongjian's contradictory character in "Fortress Besieged" and the intellectual predicament is grounded in the unique context of early 20th-century China, a period marked by societal transformation where traditional values were challenged and new and old cultures clashed intensely. Fang Hongjian serves as a quintessential representation of the intellectual community during this era. This research aims to delve into the analysis of Fang Hongjian's contradictory personality and the existential and developmental dilemmas faced by intellectuals, employing close reading methods combined with socio-historical criticism. The analysis focuses on three aspects: family, love, and career, to uncover his character traits. It reveals that Fang Hongjian yearns for integration into Western modern civilization while remaining attached to Eastern traditional culture, wavering between ideals and reality. This ambivalence manifests in his indecisiveness regarding marriage and lack of initiative in career choices. The innovation of this study lies in examining individual character within its historical context, exposing the widespread spiritual crisis among intellectuals represented by Fang Hongjian. This crisis reflects their loss of self-identity and difficulty in finding a spiritual home amidst social upheaval, providing a new perspective on understanding the inner world of intellectuals at that time and offering insights into the relationship between individuals and society for contemporary reflection.
Keywords: Fang Hongjian；Intellectual Dilemma；Contradictory Personality
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引言 1
一、方鸿渐性格的矛盾特质 1
（一）理想与现实的冲突 1
（二）优柔寡断的性格表现 1
（三）内心挣扎与外在行为 2
二、方鸿渐的情感世界困境 2
（一）感情选择的迷茫 2
（二）人际关系的疏离 3
（三）情感表达的障碍 3
三、方鸿渐的职业发展困境 4
（一）职业理想的破灭 4
（二）工作环境的不适 4
（三）社会地位的焦虑 5
四、方鸿渐的知识分子身份认同 5
（一）文化传承的困惑 5
（二）现代社会的适应 6
（三）自我价值的追寻 6
结 论 7
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
