电动汽车无线充电技术的关键问题及解决方案
摘要
电动汽车无线充电技术作为智能交通与新能源汽车领域的重要发展方向，旨在解决传统有线充电方式存在的诸多不便。本文聚焦于无线充电系统中的关键问题及解决方案，通过理论分析、仿真建模和实验验证相结合的方法，深入探讨了传输效率、电磁兼容性、定位精度等核心挑战。研究发现，在提高传输效率方面，优化线圈结构设计并引入谐振补偿机制可显著提升能量传递效能；针对电磁干扰问题，提出基于屏蔽材料与频率调制的综合防护方案，有效降低了对周边电子设备的影响；为实现精准对位，开发了视觉辅助与磁场导航融合的定位算法，将定位误差控制在毫米级范围内。此外，本研究还创新性地提出了多车协同充电架构，实现了多个车辆同时高效充电，突破了单站服务容量限制。实验结果表明，所提出的各项技术改进措施能够显著改善无线充电系统的性能指标，为推动电动汽车无线充电技术的实用化进程提供了坚实的理论基础和技术支持，具有重要的学术价值和广阔的应用前景。
关键词：电动汽车无线充电；传输效率优化；电磁兼容性
Abstract
Electric vehicle (EV) wireless charging technology, as a critical development direction in the fields of intelligent transportation and new energy vehicles, aims to address various inconveniences associated with traditional wired charging methods. This study focuses on key issues and solutions within wireless charging systems, employing a combination of theoretical analysis, simulation modeling, and experimental validation to explore core challenges such as transmission efficiency, electromagnetic compatibility, and positioning accuracy. It was found that optimizing coil structure design and introducing resonant compensation mechanisms can significantly enhance energy transfer efficiency. For electromagnetic interference issues, an integrated protection scheme based on shielding materials and frequency modulation was proposed, effectively reducing the impact on surrounding electronic devices. To achieve precise alignment, a positioning algorithm combining visual assistance and magnetic field navigation was developed, controlling positioning errors within millimeter-level ranges. Furthermore, this research innovatively proposes a multi-vehicle collaborative charging architecture, enabling simultaneous efficient charging of multiple vehicles and overcoming single-station service capacity limitations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technical improvements can substantially enhance the performance metrics of wireless charging systems, providing a solid theoretical foundation and technical support for the practical advancement of EV wireless charging technology, which holds significant academic value and broad application prospects.
Keywords：Wireless Charging For Electric Vehicles; Transmission Efficiency Optimization; Electromagnetic Compatibility
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
(三) 研究方法概述 2
二、无线充电技术原理及挑战 2
(一) 电磁感应耦合机制 2
(二) 充电效率影响因素 3
(三) 系统安全性考量 3
三、关键技术问题分析 4
(一) 传输距离限制 4
(二) 电磁兼容性问题 5
(三) 动态充电技术难点 5
四、解决方案与优化策略 6
(一) 提高充电效率方法 6
(二) 增强系统安全性措施 7
(三) 推动标准化进程 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
摘要
电动汽车无线充电技术作为智能交通与新能源汽车领域的重要发展方向，旨在解决传统有线充电方式存在的诸多不便。本文聚焦于无线充电系统中的关键问题及解决方案，通过理论分析、仿真建模和实验验证相结合的方法，深入探讨了传输效率、电磁兼容性、定位精度等核心挑战。研究发现，在提高传输效率方面，优化线圈结构设计并引入谐振补偿机制可显著提升能量传递效能；针对电磁干扰问题，提出基于屏蔽材料与频率调制的综合防护方案，有效降低了对周边电子设备的影响；为实现精准对位，开发了视觉辅助与磁场导航融合的定位算法，将定位误差控制在毫米级范围内。此外，本研究还创新性地提出了多车协同充电架构，实现了多个车辆同时高效充电，突破了单站服务容量限制。实验结果表明，所提出的各项技术改进措施能够显著改善无线充电系统的性能指标，为推动电动汽车无线充电技术的实用化进程提供了坚实的理论基础和技术支持，具有重要的学术价值和广阔的应用前景。
关键词：电动汽车无线充电；传输效率优化；电磁兼容性
Abstract
Electric vehicle (EV) wireless charging technology, as a critical development direction in the fields of intelligent transportation and new energy vehicles, aims to address various inconveniences associated with traditional wired charging methods. This study focuses on key issues and solutions within wireless charging systems, employing a combination of theoretical analysis, simulation modeling, and experimental validation to explore core challenges such as transmission efficiency, electromagnetic compatibility, and positioning accuracy. It was found that optimizing coil structure design and introducing resonant compensation mechanisms can significantly enhance energy transfer efficiency. For electromagnetic interference issues, an integrated protection scheme based on shielding materials and frequency modulation was proposed, effectively reducing the impact on surrounding electronic devices. To achieve precise alignment, a positioning algorithm combining visual assistance and magnetic field navigation was developed, controlling positioning errors within millimeter-level ranges. Furthermore, this research innovatively proposes a multi-vehicle collaborative charging architecture, enabling simultaneous efficient charging of multiple vehicles and overcoming single-station service capacity limitations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technical improvements can substantially enhance the performance metrics of wireless charging systems, providing a solid theoretical foundation and technical support for the practical advancement of EV wireless charging technology, which holds significant academic value and broad application prospects.
Keywords：Wireless Charging For Electric Vehicles; Transmission Efficiency Optimization; Electromagnetic Compatibility
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
(三) 研究方法概述 2
二、无线充电技术原理及挑战 2
(一) 电磁感应耦合机制 2
(二) 充电效率影响因素 3
(三) 系统安全性考量 3
三、关键技术问题分析 4
(一) 传输距离限制 4
(二) 电磁兼容性问题 5
(三) 动态充电技术难点 5
四、解决方案与优化策略 6
(一) 提高充电效率方法 6
(二) 增强系统安全性措施 7
(三) 推动标准化进程 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
