摘 要
专利制度在激励创新与维护公共利益之间寻求平衡，专利无效宣告程序作为专利权效力的重要审查机制，在此过程中引入公共利益考量具有必要性。本研究旨在探讨专利无效宣告程序中的公共利益考量，通过文献分析、案例研究等方法，剖析公共利益考量的内涵及其在该程序中的体现。研究发现，公共利益涵盖健康、安全、环境保护、产业发展等多个方面，在专利无效宣告程序中，当专利的存在可能阻碍技术进步、损害公众健康或影响社会稳定时，应将公共利益纳入考量范畴。这不仅有助于纠正不当授权的专利，还能确保专利制度更好地服务于社会整体利益。本研究创新性地构建了公共利益考量的框架，明确了不同情形下公共利益考量的标准和界限，为司法实践提供了理论依据，推动专利法相关规定的完善，促进专利制度与公共利益保护的协调发展，对提升我国知识产权治理能力具有重要意义。
关键词：专利无效宣告程序 公共利益考量 专利制度
Abstract
The patent system seeks to balance the stimulation of innovation with the protection of public interests, and the patent invalidation procedure, as a critical mechanism for reviewing the validity of patent rights, necessitates the incorporation of public interest considerations. This study aims to explore the consideration of public interests in the patent invalidation process through methods such as literature analysis and case studies, thereby elucidating the essence of public interest considerations and their manifestation in this procedure. The findings reveal that public interests encompass multiple dimensions including health, safety, environmental protection, and industrial development. In the patent invalidation process, when the existence of a patent may impede technological progress, harm public health, or affect social stability, public interests should be incorporated into the evaluation criteria. This approach not only helps rectify improperly granted patents but also ensures that the patent system better serves the overall social interests. Innovatively, this study constructs a fr amework for considering public interests, clarifying the standards and boundaries under different circumstances. It provides a theoretical basis for judicial practice, promotes the perfection of relevant patent law provisions, and facilitates the coordinated development of the patent system and public interest protection, significantly enhancing China's intellectual property governance capabilities.
Keyword:Patent Invalidity Declaration Procedure Public Interest Consideration Patent System
目 录
引言 1
1公共利益在专利法中的地位 1
1.1公共利益的法律内涵 1
1.2专利法中的公共政策目标 1
1.3公共利益与专利权的平衡 2
2无效宣告程序的基本框架 3
2.1无效宣告程序概述 3
2.2请求人资格与公共利益 3
2.3程序正当性与公共监督 4
3公共利益考量的具体维度 4
3.1技术进步与公共福祉 4
3.2市场竞争与公共秩序 5
3.3社会效益与公众利益 5
4公共利益考量的实践路径 6
4.1审查标准中的公共利益 6
4.2决定公开与社会反馈 6
4.3制度完善与未来展望 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
