论共同犯罪中的行为过限问题及其刑事责任承担 -法学专业

摘要

共同犯罪中的行为过限问题一直是刑法理论与司法实践中的难点，其涉及超出共同犯罪故意范围的额外行为如何定性及刑事责任承担。为深入探究该问题，本文基于我国现行刑法及相关司法解释，结合国内外研究成果，采用规范分析、比较研究等方法展开论述。通过对大量案例剖析发现，实践中存在对行为过限认定标准模糊、责任划分不明确等问题。本文创新性地提出从主观意思联络和客观行为表现两方面构建行为过限判断体系，强调超逸共犯故意的行为应独立评价，并非所有超出预谋的行为均属过限。在刑事责任承担上，主张根据参与者在过限行为中所起作用大小区分主犯、从犯或胁从犯，避免“一刀切”式追责。同时，引入期待可能性理论，考量行为人实施过限行为时的心理状态及其可谴责性程度，使刑罚适用更加符合罪责刑相适应原则。这一研究不仅有助于完善共同犯罪理论体系，也为司法机关处理类似案件提供了更具操作性的参考依据，推动了刑法理论与司法实践的有效衔接。

关键词：共同犯罪行为过限主观意思联络

Abstract

The issue of excessive acts in joint crimes has always been a challenging topic in criminal law theory and judicial practice, concerning how to characterize actions that exceed the common intent of co-offenders and the corresponding criminal responsibility. To delve into this issue, this paper examines China's current criminal law and relevant judicial interpretations, integrating domestic and international research findings, and employs methods such as normative analysis and comparative studies. Through an in-depth analysis of numerous cases, it is found that practical challenges include ambiguous criteria for identifying excessive acts and unclear delineation of responsibilities. This paper innovatively proposes constructing a fr amework for assessing excessive acts based on both subjective communication of intent and ob jective behavioral manifestations, emphasizing that actions exceeding the premeditated scope should be independently evaluated, not all unplanned actions constitute overreach. Regarding criminal liability, it advocates distinguishing between principal offenders, accomplices, or coerced accomplices based on their roles in the excessive acts, avoiding a one-size-fits-all approach to accountability. Additionally, it introduces the theory of possibility of expectation, considering the psychological state and culpability of the actor during the excessive act, ensuring that punishment aligns more closely with the principle of proportionality between crime and punishment. This research not only contributes to refining the theoretical fr amework of joint crimes but also provides more operational guidance for judicial authorities handling similar cases, promoting effective integration of criminal law theory and judicial practice.

Keyword:Joint Crime Excessive Conduct Subjective Intent Communication

引言 1

1行为过限的概念界定 1

1.1共同犯罪的基本概念 1

1.2行为过限的定义与特征 2

1.3行为过限与共同犯罪的关系 2

2行为过限的构成要件分析 3

2.1主体要件 3

2.2主观要件 3

2.3客观要件 4

3行为过限的刑事责任承担原则 4

3.1过限行为的责任归属问题 4