摘 要
民事侵权中的举证责任分配问题一直是法学理论与司法实践中的难点，随着社会经济快速发展和新型侵权行为不断涌现，传统举证责任分配规则面临诸多挑战。本文旨在探讨民事侵权领域中举证责任分配的理论基础、现实困境及优化路径，通过文献研究法、比较分析法以及案例分析法等多维度研究方法，系统梳理国内外相关研究成果，深入剖析我国现行法律框架下举证责任分配存在的问题，如特殊侵权类型界定模糊、证据获取难度大等，并结合司法实践提出针对性解决方案。研究发现，在过错推定原则指导下，应根据不同侵权类型构建差异化举证责任分配模式，强化法官自由裁量权规范行使，完善证据保全制度，以实现当事人双方诉讼地位实质平等。本文创新性地提出将大数据技术应用于举证责任分配机制，为解决举证难提供新思路，对完善我国民事侵权立法具有重要参考价值，有助于提升司法效率与公正性，推动民事审判体系现代化进程。
关键词：举证责任分配；民事侵权；过错推定原则
The Allocation of Burden of Proof in Civil Torts
英文人名
Directive teacher:×××
Abstract
The allocation of burden of proof in civil torts has always been a challenging issue in both legal theory and judicial practice. With the rapid development of the social economy and the continuous emergence of new types of tortious acts, traditional rules for allocating the burden of proof face numerous challenges. This paper aims to explore the theoretical foundations, practical dilemmas, and optimization paths of burden of proof allocation in civil torts. Through multidimensional research methods including literature review, comparative analysis, and case studies, this study systematically examines relevant research findings both domestically and internationally. It thoroughly analyzes existing problems within China’s current legal fr amework, such as ambiguous definitions of special tort types and difficulties in obtaining evidence. Combining insights from judicial practice, targeted solutions are proposed. The study finds that under the guidance of the principle of presumed fault, differentiated models of burden of proof allocation should be established according to different types of torts. It emphasizes the need to strengthen the standardized exercise of judicial discretion and improve evidence preservation systems to achieve substantive equality in the litigation status of both parties. Innovatively, this paper suggests applying big data technology to the mechanism of burden of proof allocation, offering new approaches to addressing evidentiary challenges. This has significant reference value for improving China’s civil tort legislation, enhancing judicial efficiency and fairness, and promoting the modernization of the civil trial system.
Keywords: Burden Of Proof Allocation；Civil Torts；Presumption Of Fault Principle
目 录
引言 1
一、举证责任分配的基本理论 1
(一)举证责任的概念与内涵 1
(二)举证责任分配的原则 2
(三)举证责任分配的法律依据 2
二、民事侵权中举证责任的特殊性 3
(一)侵权行为的多样性影响 3
(二)受害人举证的困境分析 4
(三)举证责任倒置的情形 4
三、举证责任分配对司法实践的影响 5
(一)法官自由裁量权的作用 5
(二)证据规则的应用挑战 6
(三)公平正义的实现路径 6
四、完善举证责任分配制度的建议 7
(一)立法层面的优化措施 7
(二)司法解释的补充完善 8
(三)实践操作中的改进建议 8
结论 9
参考文献 10
致谢 10
