慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者呼吸功能锻炼的护理效果 -护理学专业

摘要

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是全球范围内常见的呼吸系统疾病，严重影响患者的生活质量。为改善患者呼吸功能，本研究旨在探讨呼吸功能锻炼对COPD患者的护理效果。选取某医院2019年1月至2021年1月收治的120例COPD患者作为研究对象，按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各60例，对照组给予常规护理，观察组在常规护理基础上增加呼吸功能锻炼护理干预，包括缩唇呼吸、腹式呼吸等训练方法，干预周期为3个月。通过对比两组患者干预前后第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）、圣乔治呼吸问卷（SGRQ）评分等指标变化情况评估护理效果。结果显示，干预后观察组FEV1、FVC均显著高于对照组，SGRQ评分显著低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P0.05）。这表明呼吸功能锻炼能有效改善COPD患者的肺功能，提高其生活质量。该研究创新性地将多种呼吸功能锻炼方法系统化应用于COPD患者护理中，并通过科学严谨的研究设计验证了其有效性，为临床护理提供了新的思路与方法，有助于推动COPD患者护理模式的发展，使更多患者受益于更优质的护理服务。

关键词：慢性阻塞性肺疾病；呼吸功能锻炼；护理效果；肺功能指标；生活质量

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory condition worldwide that significantly impairs patients' quality of life. To improve respiratory function in COPD patients, this study aimed to investigate the effects of respiratory function exercises on nursing outcomes. A total of 120 COPD patients admitted to a hospital between January 2019 and January 2021 were selected as subjects and divided into an observation group and a control group, each consisting of 60 patients, using a random number table method. The control group received routine nursing care, while the observation group underwent additional respiratory function exercise interventions, including pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing, for a period of three months. The effectiveness of the nursing interventions was evaluated by comparing changes in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores before and after the intervention. The results showed that post-intervention FEV1 and FVC levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while SGRQ scores were significantly lower, with statistically significant differences (P0.05). This indicates that respiratory function exercises can effectively enhance lung function and improve the quality of life for COPD patients. Innovatively, this study systematically applied various respiratory function exercises to COPD patient care and validated their efficacy through a scientifically rigorous research design, providing new insights and methods for clinical nursing and promoting the development of COPD patient care models, thereby benefiting more patients with superior nursing services.

Keywords：Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease；Respiratory Function Exercise；Nursing Effect；Pulmonary Function Indices；Quality Of Life

摘要 I

Abstract II

引言 1

第一章慢性阻塞性肺疾病概述 2

1.1 疾病流行病学特征 2

1.2 呼吸功能障碍特点 2

1.3 护理干预的重要性 3

第二章呼吸功能锻炼方法与实施 5

2.1 常用呼吸锻炼技术 5

2.2 个性化护理方案制定 5

2.3 锻炼依从性影响因素 6