摘要
随着现代企业竞争加剧，员工工作压力与工作效率之间的关系成为企业管理研究的重要课题。本研究旨在探讨工作压力对员工工作效率的影响机制，通过问卷调查法和访谈法收集了来自不同行业的523份有效样本数据，运用结构方程模型进行实证分析。研究表明，适度的工作压力能够激发员工潜能，提高工作效率；但当压力超过一定阈值时，将显著降低工作效率并引发负面情绪。研究发现工作压力与工作效率之间存在倒U型曲线关系，并首次提出“最优压力区间”概念，即在特定范围内，适当的工作压力有助于提升员工绩效。此外，本研究还考察了个体差异因素对这一关系的调节作用，结果显示性别、年龄、工作经验等因素均会对压力-效率关系产生不同程度的影响。本研究不仅丰富了工作压力理论体系，也为企业管理者提供了科学依据，在制定人力资源政策时应关注员工个体差异，合理设置工作任务难度，以实现组织效益最大化和个人发展的双赢局面。
关键词：工作压力；工作效率；倒U型曲线关系
Abstract
As modern enterprise competition intensifies, the relationship between employees' work pressure and work efficiency has become an important topic in management research. This study aims to explore the mechanism by which work pressure influences employee work efficiency. Data were collected from 523 valid samples across various industries using both questionnaire surveys and interview methods, and structural equation modeling was employed for empirical analysis. The findings indicate that moderate work pressure can stimulate employee potential and enhance work efficiency; however, when pressure exceeds a certain threshold, it significantly reduces work efficiency and triggers negative emotions. The study reveals an inverted U-shaped curve relationship between work pressure and work efficiency and introduces the concept of an "optimal pressure range," suggesting that within a specific range, appropriate work pressure can contribute to improved employee performance. Furthermore, this research examines the moderating effects of individual difference factors on this relationship, demonstrating that gender, age, work experience, and other factors exert varying degrees of influence on the pressure-efficiency relationship. This study not only enriches the theoretical fr amework of work pressure but also provides scientific evidence for managers, emphasizing the importance of considering individual differences when formulating human resource policies, setting reasonable task difficulties to achieve a win-win situation of maximizing organizational benefits and personal development.
Keywords：Work Pressure; Work Efficiency; Inverted-U Shaped Curve Relationship
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
(三) 研究方法概述 2
二、工作压力的构成要素分析 2
(一) 工作压力源识别 2
(二) 压力感知机制探讨 3
(三) 压力应对策略研究 4
三、工作效率的影响因素剖析 4
(一) 个体因素对效率的影响 4
(二) 组织因素对效率的作用 5
(三) 外部环境对效率的干扰 6
四、工作压力与工作效率的关系实证 6
(一) 数据收集与样本特征 6
(二) 实证模型构建与检验 7
(三) 关系结果分析与讨论 8
结 论 9
参考文献 10
随着现代企业竞争加剧，员工工作压力与工作效率之间的关系成为企业管理研究的重要课题。本研究旨在探讨工作压力对员工工作效率的影响机制，通过问卷调查法和访谈法收集了来自不同行业的523份有效样本数据，运用结构方程模型进行实证分析。研究表明，适度的工作压力能够激发员工潜能，提高工作效率；但当压力超过一定阈值时，将显著降低工作效率并引发负面情绪。研究发现工作压力与工作效率之间存在倒U型曲线关系，并首次提出“最优压力区间”概念，即在特定范围内，适当的工作压力有助于提升员工绩效。此外，本研究还考察了个体差异因素对这一关系的调节作用，结果显示性别、年龄、工作经验等因素均会对压力-效率关系产生不同程度的影响。本研究不仅丰富了工作压力理论体系，也为企业管理者提供了科学依据，在制定人力资源政策时应关注员工个体差异，合理设置工作任务难度，以实现组织效益最大化和个人发展的双赢局面。
关键词：工作压力；工作效率；倒U型曲线关系
Abstract
As modern enterprise competition intensifies, the relationship between employees' work pressure and work efficiency has become an important topic in management research. This study aims to explore the mechanism by which work pressure influences employee work efficiency. Data were collected from 523 valid samples across various industries using both questionnaire surveys and interview methods, and structural equation modeling was employed for empirical analysis. The findings indicate that moderate work pressure can stimulate employee potential and enhance work efficiency; however, when pressure exceeds a certain threshold, it significantly reduces work efficiency and triggers negative emotions. The study reveals an inverted U-shaped curve relationship between work pressure and work efficiency and introduces the concept of an "optimal pressure range," suggesting that within a specific range, appropriate work pressure can contribute to improved employee performance. Furthermore, this research examines the moderating effects of individual difference factors on this relationship, demonstrating that gender, age, work experience, and other factors exert varying degrees of influence on the pressure-efficiency relationship. This study not only enriches the theoretical fr amework of work pressure but also provides scientific evidence for managers, emphasizing the importance of considering individual differences when formulating human resource policies, setting reasonable task difficulties to achieve a win-win situation of maximizing organizational benefits and personal development.
Keywords：Work Pressure; Work Efficiency; Inverted-U Shaped Curve Relationship
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
(三) 研究方法概述 2
二、工作压力的构成要素分析 2
(一) 工作压力源识别 2
(二) 压力感知机制探讨 3
(三) 压力应对策略研究 4
三、工作效率的影响因素剖析 4
(一) 个体因素对效率的影响 4
(二) 组织因素对效率的作用 5
(三) 外部环境对效率的干扰 6
四、工作压力与工作效率的关系实证 6
(一) 数据收集与样本特征 6
(二) 实证模型构建与检验 7
(三) 关系结果分析与讨论 8
结 论 9
参考文献 10
