民事侵权与合同责任的竞合问题 -法学专业

摘要

民事侵权与合同责任的竞合问题在民商事法律领域具有重要意义，随着市场经济的发展和交易模式的多样化，两者竞合现象日益复杂。本研究旨在探讨民事侵权与合同责任竞合的理论基础、构成要件及法律适用规则，在分析传统法学理论的基础上，结合我国现行法律法规及司法解释，借鉴域外相关立法经验，运用比较分析、案例分析等方法深入剖析该问题。通过对大量典型案例的研究发现，实践中存在因对二者关系理解不透彻而导致的责任认定偏差，进而影响当事人权益保护的情况。本研究创新性地提出以损害类型化为标准构建新的竞合处理模式，明确不同类型损害下责任竞合的具体适用规则，既尊重了合同相对性原则又兼顾了侵权法保护受害人利益的价值取向，为解决此类问题提供了新思路，有助于完善我国民商事法律责任体系，统一司法裁判尺度，更好地平衡各方利益，保障市场交易安全与效率。

关键词：民事侵权与合同责任竞合损害类型化责任认定

Abstract

The issue of the concurrence of civil tort liability and contractual responsibility holds significant importance in the field of civil and commercial law. As the market economy develops and transaction models diversify, the phenomenon of their concurrence has become increasingly complex. This study aims to explore the theoretical foundation, constitutive elements, and legal application rules of the concurrence between civil torts and contractual liability. Building upon traditional legal theories, this research combines China’s current laws and judicial interpretations with foreign legislative experiences, employing methods such as comparative analysis and case analysis to delve deeply into this issue. Through extensive research on numerous typical cases, it is found that there exist misinterpretations of the relationship between tort and contract liabilities, leading to deviations in liability determination and consequently affecting the protection of parties’ rights and interests. Innovatively, this study proposes a new model for handling concurrence based on the typology of damages, clarifying specific application rules for liability concurrence under different types of damage. This approach respects the principle of contractual relativity while also accommodating the value orientation of tort law in protecting victims’ interests. It provides new insights into solving such issues, contributing to the improvement of China’s civil and commercial legal liability system, unifying judicial adjudication standards, and better balancing various interests to ensure market transaction safety and efficiency.

Keyword:Civil Tort And Contract Liability Convergence Damage Typology Liability Determination

引言 1

1民事侵权与合同责任竞合概述 1

1.1竞合问题的理论基础 1

1.2竞合产生的法律背景 2

1.3研究竞合问题的意义 2

2竞合的构成要件分析 3

2.1侵权行为的构成要素 3

2.2合同违约的构成要素 4

2.3构成要件的重合性研究 4

3竞合的责任承担方式 5

3.1单一责任的选择适用 5