摘 要
随着工业化进程的加速，重金属离子污染已成为全球性环境问题，对生态系统和人类健康构成严重威胁。传统重金属离子去除方法存在成本高、效率低等不足，因此开发高效新型吸附剂具有重要意义。本研究旨在探索新型吸附剂在重金属离子去除中的应用，以解决现有技术难题。通过化学修饰和物理改性制备了一系列具有高比表面积、丰富活性位点的新型吸附剂，包括磁性纳米复合材料、多孔碳材料及功能化聚合物等，并系统研究了其结构特征与吸附性能之间的关系。实验采用静态吸附法和动态穿透曲线法考察不同因素如pH值、温度、初始浓度等对吸附过程的影响，结果表明新型吸附剂对多种重金属离子展现出优异的选择性和吸附容量，其中磁性纳米复合材料的最大吸附量可达125.6mg/g（Cu²⁺），远高于传统吸附剂。此外，该类吸附剂还具备良好的再生性能，在多次循环使用后仍能保持较高吸附效率。本研究不仅为重金属离子污染治理提供了新思路，而且所开发的新型吸附剂有望在实际水处理工程中得到广泛应用，具有重要的理论价值和应用前景。
关键词：重金属离子去除 新型吸附剂 磁性纳米复合材料
Abstract
With the acceleration of industrialization, heavy me tal ion pollution has become a global environmental issue, posing severe threats to ecosystems and human health. Conventional methods for removing heavy me tal ions suffer from high costs and low efficiency, making the development of efficient novel adsorbents crucial. This study aims to explore the application of novel adsorbents in the removal of heavy me tal ions to address existing technological challenges. A series of new adsorbents with high specific surface areas and abundant active sites, including magnetic nanocomposites, porous carbon materials, and functionalized polymers, were prepared through chemical modification and physical modification. The relationship between their structural characteristics and adsorption performance was systematically investigated. Static adsorption experiments and dynamic breakthrough curve analyses were conducted to examine the effects of various factors such as pH, temperature, and initial concentration on the adsorption process. Results demonstrated that these novel adsorbents exhibited excellent selectivity and adsorption capacity for multiple heavy me tal ions, with the maximum adsorption capacity of magnetic nanocomposites reaching 125.6 mg/g (Cu²⁺), significantly higher than traditional adsorbents. Additionally, these adsorbents possessed good regeneration properties, maintaining high adsorption efficiency after multiple cycles. This research not only provides new insights into the treatment of heavy me tal ion pollution but also suggests that the developed novel adsorbents have significant theoretical value and potential for widespread application in practical water treatment engineering.
Keyword:Heavy me tal Ion Removal Novel Adsorbents Magnetic Nanocomposites
目 录
引言 1
1新型吸附剂的制备与表征 1
1.1吸附剂原料选择 1
1.2制备工艺优化 2
1.3物理化学性质分析 2
2重金属离子去除机制 3
2.1吸附动力学研究 3
2.2热力学特性分析 3
2.3表面反应机理 4
3影响去除效果的因素 4
3.1溶液 4
3.2离子浓度变化 5
3.3共存离子干扰 5
4实际应用与前景展望 6
4.1工业废水处理 6
4.2环境修复应用 6
4.3技术经济评价 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
