摘 要
金属离子分离在环境科学、材料科学及工业生产等领域具有重要意义，传统萃取剂存在选择性差、效率低等问题。本研究旨在开发新型萃取剂以提高金属离子分离的选择性和效率。通过分子设计合成了一系列含功能基团的新型萃取剂，并将其应用于多种金属离子混合体系的分离过程。采用紫外 - 可见分光光度法、电感耦合等离子体质谱等技术对萃取过程进行监测与分析，考察了萃取剂结构、浓度、pH值等因素对金属离子萃取率的影响。结果表明，新型萃取剂对特定金属离子表现出优异的选择性，其萃取率显著高于传统萃取剂，在优化条件下可实现高效分离。该研究创新性地引入功能性基团增强萃取剂与目标金属离子之间的相互作用，为金属离子分离提供了新思路和有效手段，有助于推动相关领域的发展，对解决金属离子分离难题具有重要理论意义和实际应用价值。
关键词：金属离子分离 新型萃取剂 功能基团
Abstract
The separation of me tal ions holds significant importance in environmental science, materials science, and industrial production. Traditional extractants suffer from issues such as poor selectivity and low efficiency. This study aims to develop novel extractants to enhance the selectivity and efficiency of me tal ion separation. A series of new extractants containing functional groups were synthesized through molecular design and applied to the separation processes of mixed me tal ion systems. The extraction process was monitored and analyzed using techniques such as ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, examining the effects of extractant structure, concentration, pH value, and other factors on the extraction efficiency of me tal ions. Results indicate that the novel extractants exhibit excellent selectivity for specific me tal ions, with significantly higher extraction rates compared to traditional extractants, achieving efficient separation under optimized conditions. This research innovatively introduces functional groups to enhance the interaction between extractants and target me tal ions, providing new ideas and effective methods for me tal ion separation, which is conducive to the development of related fields and has important theoretical significance and practical application value in addressing challenges in me tal ion separation.
Keyword:me tal Ion Separation Novel Extractant Functional Group
目 录
引言 1
1新型萃取剂的合成与表征 1
1.1萃取剂分子设计原理 1
1.2合成路线优化研究 2
1.3物理化学性质分析 2
2金属离子分离机理探讨 3
2.1分离选择性机制 3
2.2络合反应动力学 3
2.3热力学稳定性研究 4
3实验条件对分离效果的影响 4
3.2温度效应分析 5
3.3溶液浓度关系 5
4新型萃取剂的应用实例 6
4.1稀土元素分离 6
4.2放射性核素处理 6
4.3工业废水净化 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
