摘要
民事法律行为中的意思表示瑕疵及其法律后果是民法学研究的重要内容，随着市场经济的发展和交易模式的多样化，意思表示瑕疵问题愈发复杂。本文旨在深入探讨民事法律行为中意思表示瑕疵的类型、认定标准及其相应的法律后果，以期为司法实践提供理论支持并完善相关立法。通过对国内外大量案例进行分析，并结合现行法律法规及学理研究成果，采用比较法与实证研究相结合的方法，揭示了意思表示瑕疵在不同情境下的表现形式及其对民事法律行为效力的影响。研究发现，意思表示瑕疵主要包括真意保留、虚伪表示、错误、欺诈、胁迫等类型，不同类型的意思表示瑕疵对民事法律行为的效力影响存在差异，且传统理论在应对新型交易模式下意思表示瑕疵时存在一定局限性。本文创新性地提出应根据意思表示瑕疵的具体情况构建多元化的救济机制，区分不同类型的瑕疵设定合理的责任分配原则，这一观点有助于弥补现有理论不足，为处理相关纠纷提供了新的思路，对促进交易安全和公平具有重要意义。
关键词：意思表示瑕疵；民事法律行为效力；救济机制
Abstract
The defects in manifestation of intent and their legal consequences in civil legal acts constitute a crucial area of study in civil law. As the market economy develops and transaction models diversify, issues surrounding the defects in manifestation of intent have become increasingly complex. This paper aims to thoroughly examine the types, identification criteria, and corresponding legal consequences of defects in manifestation of intent within civil legal acts, thereby providing theoretical support for judicial practice and improving relevant legislation. By analyzing a large number of cases both domestically and internationally, and integrating current laws, regulations, and academic research findings, this study employs a combination of comparative law and empirical research methods to reveal the manifestations of defects in manifestation of intent under different circumstances and their impact on the validity of civil legal acts. The research finds that defects in manifestation of intent primarily include reservation of true intent, fictitious ex pression, mistake, fraud, and duress. Different types of defects have varying effects on the validity of civil legal acts, and traditional theories exhibit certain limitations when addressing defects in manifestation of intent in new types of transaction models. Innovatively, this paper proposes that a diversified relief mechanism should be constructed based on the specific circumstances of defects in manifestation of intent, and reasonable principles for liability distribution should be established according to different types of defects. This perspective helps to address existing theoretical deficiencies, offers new approaches for resolving related disputes, and is significant for promoting transaction security and fairness.
Keywords：Defective ex pression Of Intent; Efficacy Of Civil Legal Acts; Remedy Mechanism
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
(三) 研究方法概述 2
二、意思表示瑕疵的类型分析 2
(一) 瑕疵意思表示的概念界定 2
(二) 真意保留的意思表示 3
(三) 通谋虚伪的意思表示 2
(四) 错误的意思表示 2
三、意思表示瑕疵的法律认定 3
(一) 瑕疵认定的原则与标准 3
(二) 主观要件的审查 3
(三) 客观行为的判断 4
(四) 特殊情形的考量 5
四、意思表示瑕疵的法律后果 5
(一) 效力待定的行为后果 5
(二) 可撤销的民事法律行为 6
(三) 行为无效的法律后果 7
(四) 相对人的保护机制 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
民事法律行为中的意思表示瑕疵及其法律后果是民法学研究的重要内容，随着市场经济的发展和交易模式的多样化，意思表示瑕疵问题愈发复杂。本文旨在深入探讨民事法律行为中意思表示瑕疵的类型、认定标准及其相应的法律后果，以期为司法实践提供理论支持并完善相关立法。通过对国内外大量案例进行分析，并结合现行法律法规及学理研究成果，采用比较法与实证研究相结合的方法，揭示了意思表示瑕疵在不同情境下的表现形式及其对民事法律行为效力的影响。研究发现，意思表示瑕疵主要包括真意保留、虚伪表示、错误、欺诈、胁迫等类型，不同类型的意思表示瑕疵对民事法律行为的效力影响存在差异，且传统理论在应对新型交易模式下意思表示瑕疵时存在一定局限性。本文创新性地提出应根据意思表示瑕疵的具体情况构建多元化的救济机制，区分不同类型的瑕疵设定合理的责任分配原则，这一观点有助于弥补现有理论不足，为处理相关纠纷提供了新的思路，对促进交易安全和公平具有重要意义。
关键词：意思表示瑕疵；民事法律行为效力；救济机制
Abstract
The defects in manifestation of intent and their legal consequences in civil legal acts constitute a crucial area of study in civil law. As the market economy develops and transaction models diversify, issues surrounding the defects in manifestation of intent have become increasingly complex. This paper aims to thoroughly examine the types, identification criteria, and corresponding legal consequences of defects in manifestation of intent within civil legal acts, thereby providing theoretical support for judicial practice and improving relevant legislation. By analyzing a large number of cases both domestically and internationally, and integrating current laws, regulations, and academic research findings, this study employs a combination of comparative law and empirical research methods to reveal the manifestations of defects in manifestation of intent under different circumstances and their impact on the validity of civil legal acts. The research finds that defects in manifestation of intent primarily include reservation of true intent, fictitious ex pression, mistake, fraud, and duress. Different types of defects have varying effects on the validity of civil legal acts, and traditional theories exhibit certain limitations when addressing defects in manifestation of intent in new types of transaction models. Innovatively, this paper proposes that a diversified relief mechanism should be constructed based on the specific circumstances of defects in manifestation of intent, and reasonable principles for liability distribution should be established according to different types of defects. This perspective helps to address existing theoretical deficiencies, offers new approaches for resolving related disputes, and is significant for promoting transaction security and fairness.
Keywords：Defective ex pression Of Intent; Efficacy Of Civil Legal Acts; Remedy Mechanism
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
(三) 研究方法概述 2
二、意思表示瑕疵的类型分析 2
(一) 瑕疵意思表示的概念界定 2
(二) 真意保留的意思表示 3
(三) 通谋虚伪的意思表示 2
(四) 错误的意思表示 2
三、意思表示瑕疵的法律认定 3
(一) 瑕疵认定的原则与标准 3
(二) 主观要件的审查 3
(三) 客观行为的判断 4
(四) 特殊情形的考量 5
四、意思表示瑕疵的法律后果 5
(一) 效力待定的行为后果 5
(二) 可撤销的民事法律行为 6
(三) 行为无效的法律后果 7
(四) 相对人的保护机制 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
