摘 要
大气颗粒物中重金属污染已成为全球关注的环境与健康问题，本研究旨在系统评估典型城市地区大气颗粒物中重金属的污染特征及其对公众健康的潜在风险。通过对某大型城市不同功能区（交通干道、工业区、居民区和背景点）进行为期一年的连续采样监测，采用X射线荧光光谱法测定PM2.5和PM10中多种重金属元素含量，并结合气象数据进行源解析分析。结果表明，交通干道和工业区的重金属浓度显著高于其他区域，其中铅、镉、铬等元素超标现象较为突出。通过健康风险模型计算发现，儿童和老年人群暴露于这些重金属污染物的风险指数明显高于青壮年人群，特别是长期暴露可能导致呼吸系统疾病、心血管疾病以及神经系统损伤。
关键词：大气颗粒物重金属污染 健康风险评估 多介质暴露途径
Abstract
Heavy me tal pollution in atmospheric particulate matter has become a global environmental and health concern. The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the pollution characteristics of heavy me tals in atmospheric particulate matter in typical urban areas and their potential risks to public health. Through one-year continuous sampling and monitoring in different functional areas (traffic roads, industrial areas, residential areas and background points) in a large city, the content of various heavy me tal elements in PM2.5 and PM10 was determined by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and source analysis was carried out combined with meteorological data. The results show that the concentration of heavy me tals in traffic trunk roads and industrial areas is significantly higher than that in other areas, and the phenomenon of lead, cadmium and chromium is more prominent. According to the health risk model, the risk index of exposure to these heavy me tal pollutants in children and elderly people is significantly higher than that in young and middle-aged people, especially long-term exposure may lead to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disease and nervous system damage.
Keyword:Atmospheric Particulate Matter Heavy me tal Pollution Health Risk Assessment Multi-Media Exposure Pathways
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1大气颗粒物重金属污染的研究背景 1
1.2研究大气颗粒物重金属的意义 1
1.3国内外研究现状综述 1
1.4本文的研究方法概述 2
2大气颗粒物重金属的来源分析 2
2.1自然源对重金属的贡献 2
2.2人为源的重金属排放特征 3
2.3不同来源重金属的分布规律 3
3重金属在大气颗粒物中的存在形式 4
3.1重金属元素的主要形态 4
3.2形态与环境行为的关系 5
3.3形态对健康风险的影响 5
4健康风险评估模型与应用 6
4.1风险评估的基本框架 6
4.2暴露途径与暴露剂量估算 7
4.3健康风险的量化与评价 7
结论 8
参考文献 9
致谢 10
大气颗粒物中重金属污染已成为全球关注的环境与健康问题，本研究旨在系统评估典型城市地区大气颗粒物中重金属的污染特征及其对公众健康的潜在风险。通过对某大型城市不同功能区（交通干道、工业区、居民区和背景点）进行为期一年的连续采样监测，采用X射线荧光光谱法测定PM2.5和PM10中多种重金属元素含量，并结合气象数据进行源解析分析。结果表明，交通干道和工业区的重金属浓度显著高于其他区域，其中铅、镉、铬等元素超标现象较为突出。通过健康风险模型计算发现，儿童和老年人群暴露于这些重金属污染物的风险指数明显高于青壮年人群，特别是长期暴露可能导致呼吸系统疾病、心血管疾病以及神经系统损伤。
关键词：大气颗粒物重金属污染 健康风险评估 多介质暴露途径
Abstract
Heavy me tal pollution in atmospheric particulate matter has become a global environmental and health concern. The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the pollution characteristics of heavy me tals in atmospheric particulate matter in typical urban areas and their potential risks to public health. Through one-year continuous sampling and monitoring in different functional areas (traffic roads, industrial areas, residential areas and background points) in a large city, the content of various heavy me tal elements in PM2.5 and PM10 was determined by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and source analysis was carried out combined with meteorological data. The results show that the concentration of heavy me tals in traffic trunk roads and industrial areas is significantly higher than that in other areas, and the phenomenon of lead, cadmium and chromium is more prominent. According to the health risk model, the risk index of exposure to these heavy me tal pollutants in children and elderly people is significantly higher than that in young and middle-aged people, especially long-term exposure may lead to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disease and nervous system damage.
Keyword:Atmospheric Particulate Matter Heavy me tal Pollution Health Risk Assessment Multi-Media Exposure Pathways
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1大气颗粒物重金属污染的研究背景 1
1.2研究大气颗粒物重金属的意义 1
1.3国内外研究现状综述 1
1.4本文的研究方法概述 2
2大气颗粒物重金属的来源分析 2
2.1自然源对重金属的贡献 2
2.2人为源的重金属排放特征 3
2.3不同来源重金属的分布规律 3
3重金属在大气颗粒物中的存在形式 4
3.1重金属元素的主要形态 4
3.2形态与环境行为的关系 5
3.3形态对健康风险的影响 5
4健康风险评估模型与应用 6
4.1风险评估的基本框架 6
4.2暴露途径与暴露剂量估算 7
4.3健康风险的量化与评价 7
结论 8
参考文献 9
致谢 10
