摘 要
民事诉讼中的举证责任分配是司法实践与理论研究的重要议题。随着社会经济快速发展和法律体系不断完善，传统原则面临新挑战。本文探讨现行规则在实际应用中的适应性问题，通过分析相关立法及判例，结合国情特点，提出优化建议。研究采用多种方法，系统梳理了我国现行民事诉讼法中关于举证责任分配的规定，考察其适用情况。研究发现，当前举证责任分配存在标准模糊、操作性不强等问题，特别是在新型复杂案件中表现突出。为此，本文提出了基于风险分配理论的举证责任动态调整机制，强调根据具体案情灵活确定举证责任归属，以实现公平正义。该机制有助于提高司法效率，平衡当事人利益关系，为完善我国民事诉讼制度提供新思路。研究成果对指导司法实践具有重要参考价值，为未来立法改革提供理论支持。
关键词：举证责任分配 民事诉讼 风险分配理论
Abstract
The distribution of burden of proof in civil litigation is an important topic in judicial practice and theoretical research. With the rapid development of social and economy and the continuous improvement of the legal system, the traditional principles are facing new challenges. This paper discusses the adaptability of the current rules in practical application, and puts forward optimization suggestions by analyzing relevant legislation and cases, combining with the characteristics of national conditions. Various methods have systematically sorted out the provisions on the distribution of burden of proof in the current civil procedure law of China, and investigated its application. It is found that the current burden of proof distribution has some problems, such as fuzzy standards and weak operability, especially in new and complex cases. Therefore, this paper puts forward the dynamic adjustment mechanism of burden of proof based on the risk distribution theory, and emphasizes that the attribution of burden of proof can be flexibly determined according to the specific case, so as to realize fairness and justice. This mechanism is helpful to improve the judicial efficiency, balance the interests of the parties, and provide new ideas for improving the civil litigation system in China. The research results have important reference value for guiding the judicial practice and provide theoretical support for the future legislative reform.
Keyword:Burden Of Proof Allocation Civil Litigation Risk Distribution Theory
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1研究背景与意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状 1
1.3研究方法与思路 2
2举证责任分配的基本理论 2
2.1举证责任的概念界定 2
2.2举证责任分配的原则 3
2.3举证责任分配的法律依据 3
3举证责任分配的具体规则 4
3.1合同纠纷中的举证责任 4
3.2侵权纠纷中的举证责任 5
3.3特殊案件的举证责任倒置 5
4举证责任分配的实践问题 6
4.1证据收集的困难与对策 6
4.2法官自由裁量权的影响 6
4.3当事人举证能力的差异 7
结论 8
参考文献 9
致谢 10
民事诉讼中的举证责任分配是司法实践与理论研究的重要议题。随着社会经济快速发展和法律体系不断完善，传统原则面临新挑战。本文探讨现行规则在实际应用中的适应性问题，通过分析相关立法及判例，结合国情特点，提出优化建议。研究采用多种方法，系统梳理了我国现行民事诉讼法中关于举证责任分配的规定，考察其适用情况。研究发现，当前举证责任分配存在标准模糊、操作性不强等问题，特别是在新型复杂案件中表现突出。为此，本文提出了基于风险分配理论的举证责任动态调整机制，强调根据具体案情灵活确定举证责任归属，以实现公平正义。该机制有助于提高司法效率，平衡当事人利益关系，为完善我国民事诉讼制度提供新思路。研究成果对指导司法实践具有重要参考价值，为未来立法改革提供理论支持。
关键词：举证责任分配 民事诉讼 风险分配理论
Abstract
The distribution of burden of proof in civil litigation is an important topic in judicial practice and theoretical research. With the rapid development of social and economy and the continuous improvement of the legal system, the traditional principles are facing new challenges. This paper discusses the adaptability of the current rules in practical application, and puts forward optimization suggestions by analyzing relevant legislation and cases, combining with the characteristics of national conditions. Various methods have systematically sorted out the provisions on the distribution of burden of proof in the current civil procedure law of China, and investigated its application. It is found that the current burden of proof distribution has some problems, such as fuzzy standards and weak operability, especially in new and complex cases. Therefore, this paper puts forward the dynamic adjustment mechanism of burden of proof based on the risk distribution theory, and emphasizes that the attribution of burden of proof can be flexibly determined according to the specific case, so as to realize fairness and justice. This mechanism is helpful to improve the judicial efficiency, balance the interests of the parties, and provide new ideas for improving the civil litigation system in China. The research results have important reference value for guiding the judicial practice and provide theoretical support for the future legislative reform.
Keyword:Burden Of Proof Allocation Civil Litigation Risk Distribution Theory
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1研究背景与意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状 1
1.3研究方法与思路 2
2举证责任分配的基本理论 2
2.1举证责任的概念界定 2
2.2举证责任分配的原则 3
2.3举证责任分配的法律依据 3
3举证责任分配的具体规则 4
3.1合同纠纷中的举证责任 4
3.2侵权纠纷中的举证责任 5
3.3特殊案件的举证责任倒置 5
4举证责任分配的实践问题 6
4.1证据收集的困难与对策 6
4.2法官自由裁量权的影响 6
4.3当事人举证能力的差异 7
结论 8
参考文献 9
致谢 10
