小学数学教学中的问题解决能力培养研究
摘 要：随着教育改革的推进，小学数学教学中问题解决能力的培养日益受到重视。本研究旨在探讨如何在小学数学教学过程中有效提升学生的问题解决能力，以适应现代社会对创新型人才的需求。通过对国内外相关文献的系统梳理，结合问卷调查、课堂观察与案例分析等方法，选取了不同地区多所小学作为样本，深入研究当前小学数学教学中存在的问题及影响因素。研究发现，传统教学模式下学生被动接受知识，缺乏主动探索精神，教师的教学理念和方法亟待更新。创新点在于构建了基于情境创设、合作学习与多元评价相结合的教学模式，强调从实际生活出发设计教学内容，引导学生经历发现问题、提出假设、验证结论的全过程。
关键词：小学数学教学；问题解决能力；情境创设
Abstract：With the advancement of education reform, the cultivation of problem-solving ability in primary school mathematics teaching is increasingly valued. This study aims to explore how to effectively improve students' problem-solving ability in the primary school mathematics teaching process to meet the demand for innovative talents in modern society. Through the systematic combing of relevant literature at home and abroad, combined with questionnaire survey, classroom observation and case analysis and other methods, many primary schools in different regions are selected as samples to deeply study the problems and influencing factors in the current primary school mathematics teaching. It is found that under the traditional teaching mode, students passively accept knowledge and lack the spirit of active exploration, and teachers' teaching ideas and methods need to be updated urgently. The innovation point lies in the construction of a teaching mode based on situation creation, cooperative learning and multiple evaluation, which emphasizes the design of teaching content from real life, and guides students to experience the whole process of finding problems, putting forward hypotheses and verifying conclusions.
Key words: Primary school mathematics teaching; problem solving ability; situation creation
目 录
一、引言 1
二、小学数学问题解决能力概述 1
（一）问题解决能力的内涵与外延 1
（二）小学数学教学的特点分析 2
（三）培养问题解决能力的意义 2
三、当前小学数学教学现状分析 3
（一）教学模式与方法综述 3
（二）学生问题解决能力现状 3
（三）现有教学中的主要问题 4
四、问题解决能力培养的教学策略 5
（一）情境创设与问题引入 5
（二）合作学习与探究式教学 5
（三）反思总结与评价反馈 6
五、实施效果评估与改进建议 6
（一）教学效果的量化评估 6
（二）学生能力发展变化 7
（三）持续改进的具体措施 7
结论 8
参考文献 8
致谢 9
摘 要：随着教育改革的推进，小学数学教学中问题解决能力的培养日益受到重视。本研究旨在探讨如何在小学数学教学过程中有效提升学生的问题解决能力，以适应现代社会对创新型人才的需求。通过对国内外相关文献的系统梳理，结合问卷调查、课堂观察与案例分析等方法，选取了不同地区多所小学作为样本，深入研究当前小学数学教学中存在的问题及影响因素。研究发现，传统教学模式下学生被动接受知识，缺乏主动探索精神，教师的教学理念和方法亟待更新。创新点在于构建了基于情境创设、合作学习与多元评价相结合的教学模式，强调从实际生活出发设计教学内容，引导学生经历发现问题、提出假设、验证结论的全过程。
关键词：小学数学教学；问题解决能力；情境创设
Abstract：With the advancement of education reform, the cultivation of problem-solving ability in primary school mathematics teaching is increasingly valued. This study aims to explore how to effectively improve students' problem-solving ability in the primary school mathematics teaching process to meet the demand for innovative talents in modern society. Through the systematic combing of relevant literature at home and abroad, combined with questionnaire survey, classroom observation and case analysis and other methods, many primary schools in different regions are selected as samples to deeply study the problems and influencing factors in the current primary school mathematics teaching. It is found that under the traditional teaching mode, students passively accept knowledge and lack the spirit of active exploration, and teachers' teaching ideas and methods need to be updated urgently. The innovation point lies in the construction of a teaching mode based on situation creation, cooperative learning and multiple evaluation, which emphasizes the design of teaching content from real life, and guides students to experience the whole process of finding problems, putting forward hypotheses and verifying conclusions.
Key words: Primary school mathematics teaching; problem solving ability; situation creation
目 录
一、引言 1
二、小学数学问题解决能力概述 1
（一）问题解决能力的内涵与外延 1
（二）小学数学教学的特点分析 2
（三）培养问题解决能力的意义 2
三、当前小学数学教学现状分析 3
（一）教学模式与方法综述 3
（二）学生问题解决能力现状 3
（三）现有教学中的主要问题 4
四、问题解决能力培养的教学策略 5
（一）情境创设与问题引入 5
（二）合作学习与探究式教学 5
（三）反思总结与评价反馈 6
五、实施效果评估与改进建议 6
（一）教学效果的量化评估 6
（二）学生能力发展变化 7
（三）持续改进的具体措施 7
结论 8
参考文献 8
致谢 9
