摘 要
随着全球气候变化问题日益严峻，减少大气中二氧化碳浓度成为国际社会共同关注的焦点。本文旨在综述近年来催化剂在二氧化碳转化领域的最新研究进展，探讨不同类型的催化剂如何有效促进CO2转化为有价值的化学品或燃料，以期为实现碳中和目标提供科学依据和技术支持。通过文献调研法，系统分析了金属基、氧化物基以及有机小分子等几类代表性催化体系的工作原理及其优缺点；特别强调了双功能或多相复合材料设计思路对于提高反应活性与选择性的关键作用。实验结果表明，在温和条件下，某些新型纳米结构催化剂能够显著增强CO2加氢制甲醇或合成气的效率，并且具有良好的稳定性和循环使用性能。此外，基于密度泛函理论计算预测潜在高效催化剂也为未来研究指明方向。总之，本工作不仅总结了当前该领域内取得的重要成就，还指出了存在的挑战及未来可能的发展趋势，为后续深入探索奠定了坚实基础。
关键词：二氧化碳转化 催化剂设计 碳中和
Abstract
With the increasingly severe issue of global climate change, reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations has become a focal point of international concern. This paper aims to review recent advancements in the field of catalysts for CO2 conversion, exploring how different types of catalysts can effectively promote the transformation of CO2 into valuable chemicals or fuels, thereby providing scientific evidence and technical support for achieving carbon neutrality. Through a literature review, the working principles, advantages, and disadvantages of several representative catalytic systems, including me tal-based, oxide-based, and organic small molecule catalysts, are systematically analyzed; particular emphasis is placed on the critical role of bifunctional or multiphase composite material design in enhancing reaction activity and selectivity. Experimental results indicate that under mild conditions, certain novel nanostructured catalysts significantly improve the efficiency of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol or syngas, demonstrating excellent stability and recyclability. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations predicting potentially high-efficiency catalysts also point towards future research directions. In summary, this work not only summarizes significant achievements made in this field but also highlights existing challenges and potential development trends, laying a solid foundation for further exploration.
Keyword:Carbon dioxide conversion Catalyst design Carbon neutralization
目 录
1 引言 1
2 催化剂设计与合成 1
2.1 催化剂材料选择 1
2.2 合成技术进展 2
2.3 催化剂性能优化 2
3 二氧化碳转化反应机理 3
3.1 反应路径分析 3
3.2 中间体识别与作用 3
3.3 动力学研究 4
4 催化剂在不同转化路径中的应用 4
4.1 二氧化碳加氢制甲醇 4
4.2 二氧化碳还原制碳氢化合物 5
4.3 二氧化碳电催化转化 6
5 结论 6
参考文献 8
致谢 9
