摘 要
随着物联网技术的迅猛发展，其应用范围日益广泛，从智能家居到工业互联网，再到智慧城市等众多领域，但物联网安全问题和隐私保护挑战也愈发严峻。为此，本研究旨在构建全面有效的物联网安全机制并强化隐私保护。在研究过程中，采用文献分析法梳理现有物联网安全架构与隐私保护理论，结合实际案例剖析当前存在的安全隐患及隐私泄露风险点；运用系统建模方法设计一种基于区块链的身份认证与访问控制模型，创新性地引入零知识证明以实现用户身份匿名化验证，确保数据传输过程中的机密性和完整性。通过模拟实验对比新旧机制下的性能指标发现，在保障高效性的前提下，所提方案能显著提升安全性与隐私保护水平，有效抵御多种网络攻击形式，降低敏感信息暴露概率。本研究不仅为物联网安全机制建设提供了新的思路和技术手段，还对促进物联网健康发展具有重要意义，为相关标准制定和政策法规完善提供参考依据。
关键词：物联网安全 隐私保护 区块链 身份认证
Abstract
With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, its applications have expanded into various domains including smart homes, industrial internet, and smart cities, presenting increasingly severe challenges in IoT security and privacy protection. This study aims to construct a comprehensive and effective IoT security mechanism while enhancing privacy protection. Through literature analysis, this research reviews existing IoT security architectures and privacy protection theories, combined with case studies to analyze current security vulnerabilities and privacy leakage risks. A system modeling approach is employed to design a blockchain-based authentication and access control model, innovatively incorporating zero-knowledge proof for anonymous user verification, ensuring confidentiality and integrity during data transmission. Simulation experiments comparing performance metrics under the new and old mechanisms reveal that, under the premise of maintaining efficiency, the proposed solution significantly improves security and privacy protection levels, effectively resisting various forms of network attacks and reducing the probability of sensitive information exposure. This research not only provides new ideas and technical means for the construction of IoT security mechanisms but also holds significant importance for promoting the healthy development of IoT, offering reference for the formulation of relevant standards and policy regulations.
Keyword:Internet of Things security Privacy protection Blockchain Identity authentication
目 录
1 引言 1
2 物联网安全威胁分析 1
2.1 网络层安全威胁 1
2.2 应用层安全风险 2
2.3 设备层安全隐患 2
3 物联网安全机制构建 3
3.1 身份认证机制设计 3
3.2 数据加密传输方案 4
3.3 安全访问控制策略 4
4 物联网隐私保护技术 5
4.1 用户数据匿名化处理 5
4.2 隐私保护框架构建 5
4.3 差分隐私技术应用 6
5 结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 9
随着物联网技术的迅猛发展，其应用范围日益广泛，从智能家居到工业互联网，再到智慧城市等众多领域，但物联网安全问题和隐私保护挑战也愈发严峻。为此，本研究旨在构建全面有效的物联网安全机制并强化隐私保护。在研究过程中，采用文献分析法梳理现有物联网安全架构与隐私保护理论，结合实际案例剖析当前存在的安全隐患及隐私泄露风险点；运用系统建模方法设计一种基于区块链的身份认证与访问控制模型，创新性地引入零知识证明以实现用户身份匿名化验证，确保数据传输过程中的机密性和完整性。通过模拟实验对比新旧机制下的性能指标发现，在保障高效性的前提下，所提方案能显著提升安全性与隐私保护水平，有效抵御多种网络攻击形式，降低敏感信息暴露概率。本研究不仅为物联网安全机制建设提供了新的思路和技术手段，还对促进物联网健康发展具有重要意义，为相关标准制定和政策法规完善提供参考依据。
关键词：物联网安全 隐私保护 区块链 身份认证
Abstract
With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, its applications have expanded into various domains including smart homes, industrial internet, and smart cities, presenting increasingly severe challenges in IoT security and privacy protection. This study aims to construct a comprehensive and effective IoT security mechanism while enhancing privacy protection. Through literature analysis, this research reviews existing IoT security architectures and privacy protection theories, combined with case studies to analyze current security vulnerabilities and privacy leakage risks. A system modeling approach is employed to design a blockchain-based authentication and access control model, innovatively incorporating zero-knowledge proof for anonymous user verification, ensuring confidentiality and integrity during data transmission. Simulation experiments comparing performance metrics under the new and old mechanisms reveal that, under the premise of maintaining efficiency, the proposed solution significantly improves security and privacy protection levels, effectively resisting various forms of network attacks and reducing the probability of sensitive information exposure. This research not only provides new ideas and technical means for the construction of IoT security mechanisms but also holds significant importance for promoting the healthy development of IoT, offering reference for the formulation of relevant standards and policy regulations.
Keyword:Internet of Things security Privacy protection Blockchain Identity authentication
目 录
1 引言 1
2 物联网安全威胁分析 1
2.1 网络层安全威胁 1
2.2 应用层安全风险 2
2.3 设备层安全隐患 2
3 物联网安全机制构建 3
3.1 身份认证机制设计 3
3.2 数据加密传输方案 4
3.3 安全访问控制策略 4
4 物联网隐私保护技术 5
4.1 用户数据匿名化处理 5
4.2 隐私保护框架构建 5
4.3 差分隐私技术应用 6
5 结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 9
