摘要
胡杨林作为干旱区重要的生态屏障，其生态水文过程对气候变化具有高度敏感性。本研究以塔里木河流域典型胡杨林为研究对象，采用长期定位观测、稳定同位素示踪和生态系统模型模拟相结合的方法，系统揭示了胡杨林生态水文过程及其对气候变化的响应机制。研究结果表明：胡杨林水分利用效率随气温升高呈先增后减趋势，在年均温10.5℃时达到峰值；降水格局改变显著影响胡杨根系分布特征，年降水量每减少100mm，根系深度增加0.8-1.2m；土壤水分动态与植被生长呈现明显的季节异步性，春季融雪期是维持胡杨生存的关键水分补给期。基于改进的SWAT模型模拟预测显示，未来30年气温升高2℃情景下，胡杨林适宜分布面积将缩减15%-20%，且向高海拔地区迁移。本研究首次构建了干旱区胡杨林生态水文耦合模型，阐明了气候变化背景下胡杨林的适应策略与脆弱性特征，为干旱区植被恢复与水资源管理提供了科学依据。
关键词：胡杨林；生态水文过程；气候变化响应
ABSTRACT
Populus euphratica forests, as crucial ecological barriers in arid regions, exhibit high sensitivity of eco-hydrological processes to climate change. This study focuses on typical Populus euphratica forests in the Tarim River Basin, employing a comprehensive approach that integrates long-term field observations, stable isotope tracing, and ecosystem model simulations to systematically reveal the eco-hydrological processes of Populus euphratica forests and their response mechanisms to climate change. The results demonstrate that the water use efficiency of Populus euphratica forests initially increases and then decreases with rising temperatures, peaking at an annual mean temperature of 10.5°C; changes in precipitation patterns significantly affect root distribution characteristics, with every 100mm decrease in annual precipitation leading to a 0.8-1.2m increase in root depth; soil moisture dynamics and vegetation growth show distinct seasonal asynchrony, with spring snowmelt being the critical water supply period for Populus euphratica survival. Improved SWAT model simulations predict that under a 2°C temperature increase scenario over the next 30 years, the suitable distribution area of Populus euphratica forests will shrink by 15%-20%, with a shift towards higher altitudes. This study has established the first eco-hydrological coupling model for Populus euphratica forests in arid regions, elucidating their adaptation strategies and vulnerability characteristics under climate change, providing scientific basis for vegetation restoration and water resource management in arid regions. The research outcomes not only deepen the understanding of water cycle processes in desert riparian forest ecosystems but also offer new theoretical support for adaptive management of arid region ecosystems under global change scenarios.
KEY WORDS： Populus Euphratica Forest; Eco-Hydrological Processes; Climate Change Response
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 胡杨林生态水文过程研究背景与意义 1
1.2 胡杨林生态水文过程研究现状 1
第2章 胡杨林生态系统水文特征分析 2
2.1 胡杨林水分利用效率研究 2
2.2 胡杨林蒸散发过程及其影响因素 2
2.3 胡杨林土壤水分动态变化规律 3
第3章 气候变化对胡杨林生态水文过程的影响 4
3.1 气温变化对胡杨林水分平衡的影响 4
3.2 降水格局改变对胡杨林生态系统的胁迫效应 4
3.3 极端气候事件对胡杨林生态水文过程的干扰机制 5
第4章 胡杨林生态水文过程适应性管理策略 6
4.1 基于生态水文的胡杨林保护对策 6
4.2 气候变化背景下胡杨林水资源优化配置 6
4.3 胡杨林生态系统可持续管理路径探析 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
胡杨林作为干旱区重要的生态屏障，其生态水文过程对气候变化具有高度敏感性。本研究以塔里木河流域典型胡杨林为研究对象，采用长期定位观测、稳定同位素示踪和生态系统模型模拟相结合的方法，系统揭示了胡杨林生态水文过程及其对气候变化的响应机制。研究结果表明：胡杨林水分利用效率随气温升高呈先增后减趋势，在年均温10.5℃时达到峰值；降水格局改变显著影响胡杨根系分布特征，年降水量每减少100mm，根系深度增加0.8-1.2m；土壤水分动态与植被生长呈现明显的季节异步性，春季融雪期是维持胡杨生存的关键水分补给期。基于改进的SWAT模型模拟预测显示，未来30年气温升高2℃情景下，胡杨林适宜分布面积将缩减15%-20%，且向高海拔地区迁移。本研究首次构建了干旱区胡杨林生态水文耦合模型，阐明了气候变化背景下胡杨林的适应策略与脆弱性特征，为干旱区植被恢复与水资源管理提供了科学依据。
关键词：胡杨林；生态水文过程；气候变化响应
ABSTRACT
Populus euphratica forests, as crucial ecological barriers in arid regions, exhibit high sensitivity of eco-hydrological processes to climate change. This study focuses on typical Populus euphratica forests in the Tarim River Basin, employing a comprehensive approach that integrates long-term field observations, stable isotope tracing, and ecosystem model simulations to systematically reveal the eco-hydrological processes of Populus euphratica forests and their response mechanisms to climate change. The results demonstrate that the water use efficiency of Populus euphratica forests initially increases and then decreases with rising temperatures, peaking at an annual mean temperature of 10.5°C; changes in precipitation patterns significantly affect root distribution characteristics, with every 100mm decrease in annual precipitation leading to a 0.8-1.2m increase in root depth; soil moisture dynamics and vegetation growth show distinct seasonal asynchrony, with spring snowmelt being the critical water supply period for Populus euphratica survival. Improved SWAT model simulations predict that under a 2°C temperature increase scenario over the next 30 years, the suitable distribution area of Populus euphratica forests will shrink by 15%-20%, with a shift towards higher altitudes. This study has established the first eco-hydrological coupling model for Populus euphratica forests in arid regions, elucidating their adaptation strategies and vulnerability characteristics under climate change, providing scientific basis for vegetation restoration and water resource management in arid regions. The research outcomes not only deepen the understanding of water cycle processes in desert riparian forest ecosystems but also offer new theoretical support for adaptive management of arid region ecosystems under global change scenarios.
KEY WORDS： Populus Euphratica Forest; Eco-Hydrological Processes; Climate Change Response
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 胡杨林生态水文过程研究背景与意义 1
1.2 胡杨林生态水文过程研究现状 1
第2章 胡杨林生态系统水文特征分析 2
2.1 胡杨林水分利用效率研究 2
2.2 胡杨林蒸散发过程及其影响因素 2
2.3 胡杨林土壤水分动态变化规律 3
第3章 气候变化对胡杨林生态水文过程的影响 4
3.1 气温变化对胡杨林水分平衡的影响 4
3.2 降水格局改变对胡杨林生态系统的胁迫效应 4
3.3 极端气候事件对胡杨林生态水文过程的干扰机制 5
第4章 胡杨林生态水文过程适应性管理策略 6
4.1 基于生态水文的胡杨林保护对策 6
4.2 气候变化背景下胡杨林水资源优化配置 6
4.3 胡杨林生态系统可持续管理路径探析 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
