摘 要
多孔金属材料因其独特的结构和优异的声学性能，近年来在噪声控制、声波吸收和声学器件设计等领域引起了广泛关注。本文系统研究了不同孔隙结构的多孔金属材料在声学性能上的表现，旨在揭示其微观结构与宏观声学特性之间的内在联系。通过实验测量与数值模拟相结合的方法，本文首先对多种多孔金属材料的声速、衰减系数和吸声性能进行了详细分析。研究发现，孔隙率、孔径分布以及材料内部连通性对声波传播和吸收具有显著影响。特别是在高频范围内，多孔金属材料的吸声性能优于传统吸音材料，表现出良好的应用潜力。基于此，本文进一步探讨了其在航空航天、汽车工业和建筑隔音等领域的实际应用前景。通过优化设计，提出了一种新型复合多孔金属材料，其在宽频带内的吸声效果显著提升，为解决复杂环境下的噪声问题提供了新的思路。本文的研究不仅丰富了多孔材料声学理论，还为相关工程应用提供了重要的实验数据和技术支持。
关键词：多孔金属材料；声学性能；孔隙结构；吸声性能；噪声控制
Abstract
Due to its unique structure and excellent acoustic properties, porous me tal materials have attracted extensive attention in the fields of noise control, acoustic absorption and acoustic device design in recent years. In this paper, the acoustic properties of porous me tal materials with different pore structures are systematically studied in order to reveal the intrinsic relationship between their microstructures and macroscopic acoustic properties. By combining experimental measurement with numerical simulation, the sound velocity, attenuation coefficient and sound absorption properties of various porous me tal materials are analyzed in detail in this paper. It is found that porosity, pore size distribution and internal connectivity of materials have significant effects on acoustic wave propagation and absorption. Especially in the high frequency range, the sound absorption performance of porous me tal materials is better than that of traditional sound absorption materials, showing good application potential. Based on this, this paper further discusses its practical application prospects in the fields of aerospace, automotive industry and building sound insulation. A new type of composite porous me tal material is proposed through optimization design. Its sound absorption effect in wide band is significantly improved, which provides a new way to solve the noise problem in complex environment. The research in this paper not only enriches the acoustic theory of porous materials, but also provides important experimental data and technical support for related engineering applications.
Keywords： Porous me tal Materials; Acoustic Performance; Pore Structure; Sound Absorption Performance; Noise Control
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、引言 1
二、多孔金属材料的声学特性分析 2
（一）多孔金属材料的声波传播机制 2
（二）多孔金属材料的吸声性能研究 2
（三）多孔金属材料的隔声性能分析 3
三、多孔金属材料在噪声控制中的应用 4
（一）多孔金属材料在建筑噪声控制中的应用 4
（二）多孔金属材料在交通噪声控制中的应用 4
（三）多孔金属材料在工业噪声控制中的应用 5
四、多孔金属材料声学性能的优化与展望 6
（一）多孔金属材料结构优化对声学性能的影响 6
（二）新型多孔金属材料的研发与应用前景 6
（三）未来研究方向与挑战 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
