老年痴呆患者日常护理中的挑战与对策

摘  要

本文综述了老年痴呆的定义、分类、流行病学特征及其日常护理的意义与挑战，并探讨了相应的应对策略。老年痴呆作为一种慢性、进行性的神经系统疾病，主要包括血管性痴呆和混合型痴呆，其发病率随人口老龄化趋势而逐年上升。患者常伴随认知能力下降、情绪波动大、日常生活能力丧失及服药依从性差等挑战，这些不仅严重影响了患者的生活质量，也给家庭和社会带来了沉重的负担。为提升患者生活质量、延缓病情进展并减轻相关负担，本文提出了认知训练、情绪安抚、生活技能训练及减少用药频次等应对策略。这些措施旨在通过个性化的护理计划，加强患者与家庭的健康教育及心理疏导，提供安全舒适的生活环境，并利用社区资源构建支持网络，以期为患者提供全面的照护服务，改善其生活状况，同时促进社会对老年痴呆症的深入理解和关注。

关键词：老年痴呆;日常护理;认知训练

Abstract

This review summarizes the definition, classification, epidemiological characteristics of senile dementia and the significance and challenges of daily care, and explores the corresponding coping strategies. As a chronic, progressive neurological disease, senile dementia mainly includes vascular dementia and mixed dementia, and its incidence is increasing year by year with the trend of aging population. Patients are often accompanied by challenges such as cognitive decline, high mood fluctuations, loss of daily living ability and poor medication compliance, which not only seriously affect the quality of life of patients, but also bring a heavy burden to the family and society. In order to improve the quality of life of patients, delay the progression of the disease and reduce the relevant burden, this paper proposes coping strategies such as cognitive training, emotional comfort, life skills training and reducing the frequency of medication. These measures aims to personalized nursing plan, strengthen patients and family health education and psychological counseling, provide safe and comfortable living environment, and use the community resources to build support network, in order to provide comprehensive care services for patients, improve their living conditions, at the same time promote the deep understanding and attention to alzheimer's disease.

Keywords：Alzheimer's disease; daily care; cognitive training


目  录
引  言 1
第一章 老年痴呆相关概述 2
1.1 老年痴呆的定义 2
1.2 老年痴呆的分类 2
1.2.1 血管性痴呆 2
1.2.2 混合型痴呆 3
1.3 老年痴呆的流行病学特征 3
1.3.1 共存疾病 3
1.3.2 高发年龄段 4
第二章 老年痴呆的日常护理意义 5
2.1 提升患者生活质量 5
2.2 延缓病情进展 5
2.3 减轻家庭和社会负担 6
第三章 老年痴呆患者日常护理的主要挑战 7
3.1 认知能力下降 7
3.2 情绪波动大 7
3.3 日常生活能力下降 8
3.4 服药依从性差 8
第四章 老年痴呆患者日常护理的应对策略 10
4.1 认知训练 10
4.2 情绪安抚 11
4.3 生活技能训练 11
4.4 减少用药频次 12
结  论 13
参考文献 14
致  谢 15